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Bài toán tổng quát: Đề này n lẻ mới đúng nhé
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}+\dfrac{a+b}{c\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{ac+bc+c^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}{ab\left(ac+bc+c^2\right)}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-b\\b=-c\\c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu \(a=-b\Rightarrow a^n=-b^n\) và \(\dfrac{1}{a^n}=\dfrac{-1}{b^n}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a^n}+\dfrac{1}{b^n}+\dfrac{1}{c^n}=\dfrac{1}{c^n}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a^n+b^n+c^n}=\dfrac{1}{c^n}\)
VT = VP => ĐPCM
Còn ý còn lại thì dựa trên bài này mà biến đổi một tí là ra
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=a+b+c\\y=ab+bc+ca\end{matrix}\right.\) khi đó \(BDT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+4x+y+3}{x^2+2x+y+xy}\le\dfrac{12+4x+y}{9+4x+2y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+4x+y+3}{x^2+2x+y+xy}-1\le\dfrac{12+4x+y}{9+4x+2y}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x+3-xy}{x^2+2x+y+xy}\le\dfrac{3-y}{9+4x+2y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5x^2-3x^2y-xy^2-6xy+24x+y^2+3y+27}{\left(4x+2y+9\right)\left(x^2+xy+2x+y\right)}\le0\)
Đúng vì \(\dfrac{5}{3}x^2y\ge5x^2;\dfrac{x^2y}{3}\ge y^2;xy^2\ge9x;5xy\ge15x;xy\ge3y;x^2y\ge27\)
Lời giải:
Vì $a+b+c=1$ nên:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(=\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(=(\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^2+b^2}{4ab})+(\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{4bc})+(\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{4ac})+\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{3}{4}=\frac{15}{4}\) (áp dụng BĐT AM-GM)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$
a) CM:\(\sqrt{\left(n+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{n^2}=\left(n+1\right)^2-n^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n+1+n=\left(n+1-n\right)\left(n+1+n\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2n+1=1\left(2n+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2n+1=2n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(n+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{n^2}=\left(n+1\right)^2-n^2\)
Câu b) ý 2:
Áp dụng BĐT cô si ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}}\\ \dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}\\ \dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\ge2\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}\right)\\ \Rightarrowđpcm\)
Ta có BĐT phụ \(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{a}}{1-a}\ge4a+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(2\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\ge0\forall\dfrac{1}{4}< a< 0\)
Tương tự cho 3 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{b}}{1-b}\ge4b+1;\dfrac{1+\sqrt{c}}{1-c}\ge4c+1;\dfrac{1+\sqrt{d}}{1-d}\ge4d+1\)
Cộng theo vế 4 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge4\left(a+b+c+d\right)+4=8=VP\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Ta cần chứng minh :
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{a}}{1-a}\ge4a+1\) \(\forall a\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+\sqrt{a}\ge\left(4a+1\right)\left(1-a\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+\sqrt{a}\ge4a-4a^2+1-a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2-4a-1+a+1+\sqrt{a}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2-3a+\sqrt{a}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4a^2-a\right)-\left(2a-\sqrt{a}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(2a+\sqrt{a}\right)-\left(2a-\sqrt{a}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(2a+\sqrt{a}-1\right)\ge0\)
Ta có: \(2a-\sqrt{a}=\left(\sqrt{2a}-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{8}\ge0\) \(\forall a\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(\left(2a+\sqrt{a}-1\right)=\left(\sqrt{2a}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{8}\ge0\)
\(\forall a\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
Vậy: \(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{a}}{1-a}\ge4a+1\) \(\forall a\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{b}}{1-b}\ge4b+1\forall b\in\left(0;1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{c}}{1-c}\ge4c+1\forall c\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{d}}{1-d}\ge4d+1\forall d\in\left(0;\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)
Cộng các BĐT vừa chứng minh, ta được:
\(\dfrac{1+\sqrt{a}}{1-a}+\dfrac{1+\sqrt{b}}{1-b}+\dfrac{1+\sqrt{c}}{1-c}+\dfrac{1+\sqrt{d}}{1-d}\ge4\left(a+b+c+d\right)+4=8\)
Vậy: Ta suy ra được điều phải chứng minh
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ab^2+abc+ac^2+abc+ac^2+abc+b^2c+bc^2=abc\Leftrightarrow a^2b+ab^2+a^2c+ac^2+b^2c+bc^2+2abc=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2b+ab^2\right)+\left(a^2c+abc\right)+\left(b^2c+abc\right)+\left(ac^2+bc^2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)+ac\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+ac+bc+c^2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left[a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\right]=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0\\b+c=0\\c+a=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-b\\b=-c\\c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1:a=-b
\(\dfrac{1}{a^n}+\dfrac{1}{b^n}+\dfrac{1}{c^n}=\dfrac{1}{a^n}-\dfrac{1}{a^n}+\dfrac{1}{c^n}=\dfrac{1}{c^n}\)(vì n lẻ)
\(\dfrac{1}{a^n+b^n+c^n}=\dfrac{1}{a^n-a^n+c^n}=\dfrac{1}{c^n}\)(vì n lẻ)
Suy ra \(\dfrac{1}{a^n}+\dfrac{1}{b^n}+\dfrac{1}{c^n}=\dfrac{1}{a^n+b^n+c^n}\)
Chứng minh tương tự trong các trường hợp b=-c và c=-a
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{a^n}+\dfrac{1}{b^n}+\dfrac{1}{c^n}=\dfrac{1}{a^n+b^n+c^n}\)
Bài này phải thêm dữ kiện n lẻ mình mới làm được