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Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\)
Suy ra: a = kb
c = kd
Do đó: \(\frac{a\cdot c}{b\cdot d}=\frac{kb\cdot kd}{b\cdot d}=\frac{k^2\cdot\left(b\cdot d\right)}{b\cdot d}=k^{2\left(1\right)}\)
\(\frac{a^2-c^2}{b^2-d^2}=\frac{\left(kb\right)^2-\left(kd\right)^2}{b^2-d^2}=\frac{k^2b^2-k^2d^2}{b^2-d^2}=\frac{k^2\left(b^2-d^2\right)}{b^2-d^2}=k^2^{\left(2\right)}\)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\frac{a\cdot c}{b\cdot d}=\frac{a^2-c^2}{b^2-d^2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{c}\right)^2=\left(\frac{b}{d}\right)^2=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{c^2}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}\)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{b^2}=\frac{cd}{d^2}\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2}{c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2ab}{2cd}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}=\frac{a^2}{c^2}\Rightarrow\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{a^2+2ab+b^2}{c^2+2cd+d^2}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(c+d\right)^2}\)(đpcm)
b)
Theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
3x-1/40-5x=25-3x/5x-34=(3x-1)+(25-3x)/(40-5x)+(5x-34)=3x-1+25-3x/40-5x+5x-34= -1+25/40-34= 24/6= 4
=>3x-1=4x(40-5x)
3x-1=160-20x
3x+20x=160+1
23x=161
=> x=7
Theo đề bài:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=h\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bh\\c=dh\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó:
\(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{bh+b}{dh+d}\right)^2=\left[\dfrac{b\left(h+1\right)}{d\left(h+1\right)}\right]^2=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\dfrac{bh^2+b^2}{dh^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2\left(h^2+1\right)}{d^2\left(h^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Ta có điều phải chứng minh