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ĐKXĐ: \(abc\ne0\)
\(a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab-ac-bc\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=0\\a=b=c\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(a+b+c=0\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{abc}=\dfrac{\left(-c\right)\left(-a\right)\left(-b\right)}{abc}=-1\)
TH2: \(a=b=c\Rightarrow P=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)
\(abc\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow abc\ge\left(3-2a\right)\left(3-2b\right)\left(3-2c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9abc\ge12\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-27\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{9}{a\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3}{ab+bc+ca}+\dfrac{abc}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{3+abc}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(Q=\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b+c\right)^2+bc}}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(b+c\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{b+c}\)
\(Q\ge\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)^2}{a+b+b+c+c+a}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}+\dfrac{a+b+c-c}{c\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}+\dfrac{a+b}{c\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\times\dfrac{ac+bc+c^2+ab}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-b\\b=-c\\c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow N=0\)
\(P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{abc\left(a^2+1\right)^2\left(b^2+1\right)^2\left(c^2+1\right)^2}{a^2b^2c^2\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}}=3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}{abc}}\)
\(P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}{\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^3}}=9\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}}\ge9\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)}{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}\)
Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số \(a^2;b^2;c^2\) luôn có ít nhất 2 số cùng phía so với \(\dfrac{4}{9}\)
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là \(a^2;b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-\dfrac{4}{9}\right)\left(b^2-\dfrac{4}{9}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+\dfrac{16}{81}\ge\dfrac{4}{9}a^2+\dfrac{4}{9}b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1\ge\dfrac{13}{9}a^2+\dfrac{13}{9}b^2+\dfrac{65}{81}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\ge\dfrac{13}{9}\left(a^2+b^2+\dfrac{5}{9}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\ge\dfrac{13}{9}\left(a^2+b^2+\dfrac{5}{9}\right)\left(c^2+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{13}{9}\left(a^2+b^2+\dfrac{4}{9}+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)\left(\dfrac{4}{9}+\dfrac{4}{9}+c^2+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{13}{9}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b+\dfrac{2}{3}c+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge9\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{\dfrac{13}{9}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}=9\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{13}{18}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{1}{9\left(a+b+c\right)}\right)^2}\)
\(P\ge9\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{13}{18}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{1}{9.2}\right)^2}=\dfrac{13}{2}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{13}{2}\) khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Thầy cho em hỏi cơ sở để ta nghĩ ra dòng
\(\left(a^2-\dfrac{4}{9}\right)\left(b^2-\dfrac{4}{9}\right)\ge0\) này là gì ạ?
Theo cá nhân em thấy cách giải này hay và dễ hiểu, và có lẽ cũng dựa vào điểm rơi nhưng hình như lời giải chưa tự nhiên lắm thì phải ạ. Thầy có cách nào nữa không thầy? Em cảm ơn ạ.
1.
Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b};\dfrac{b}{b+c};\dfrac{c}{c+a}\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-x=\dfrac{b}{b+a}\\1-y=\dfrac{c}{b+c}\\1-z=\dfrac{a}{a+c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz=\dfrac{1}{8}\\ xyz=\left(1-x\right)\left(1-y\right)\left(1-z\right)\\ \Rightarrow xyz=1-\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-xyz\\ \Rightarrow2xyz=1-\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Rightarrow x+y+z=\dfrac{3}{4}+xy+yz+zx\)
\(\RightarrowĐpcm\)
Ta có : \(b=\dfrac{c+a}{2}\Rightarrow2b=c+a\Rightarrow a-b=b-c\)
Dó đó : \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(P=\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}}{\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)}\right]\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(P=\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{a-b}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}}{b-c}\right]\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(P=\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{b-c}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}}{b-c}\right]\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\) Vì \(\left(a-b=b-c\right)\)
\(P=\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}}{b-c}\right]\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{c}}{b-c}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
\(P=\dfrac{a-c}{a-b}=\dfrac{a-c}{a-\dfrac{a+c}{2}}=\dfrac{a-c}{\dfrac{2a-a-c}{2}}=\dfrac{a-c}{\dfrac{a-c}{2}}=2\)
1.
\(y^2+y\left(x^3+x^2+x\right)+x^5-x^4+2x^3-2x^2\)
\(\Delta=\left(x^3+x^2+x\right)^2-4\left(x^5-x^4+2x^3-2x^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^3-x^2+3x\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{-x^3-x^2-x+x^3-x^2+3x}{2}=-x^2+x\\y=\dfrac{-x^3-x^2-x-x^3+x^2-3x}{2}=-x^3-2x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Hay đa thức trên có thể phân tích thành:
\(\left(x^2-x+y\right)\left(x^3+2x+y\right)\)
Dựa vào đó em tự tách cho phù hợp
Từ \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b+abc+a^2c+b^2a+b^2c+abc+bc^2+ac^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\left(a+b\right)+ac\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+ac+bc+c^2\right)\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\right]\left(a+b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)=0\)
Thay vào từng TH suy ra M=0