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PTHH: \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuCl_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=50\left(g\right)\\C\%_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{0,05\cdot135}{4+50}\cdot100\%=12,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 3 :
\(m_{ct}=\dfrac{10.80}{100}=8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a) Hiện tượng : Xuất hiện kết tủa trắng
Pt : \(2NaOH+MgSO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Mg\left(OH\right)_2|\)
2 1 1 1
0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(n_{Mg\left(OH\right)2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Mg\left(OH\right)2}=0,1.58=5,8\left(g\right)\)
b) \(n_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{MgSO4}=0,1.120=12\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddMgSO}=\dfrac{12.100}{10}=120\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{Na2SO4}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Na2SO4}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=80+120-5,8=194,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{Na2SO4}=\dfrac{14,2.100}{194,2}=7,31\)0/0
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Câu 4 :
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2|\)
1 1 1 1
0,2 0,2
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H2SO4}=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{19,6.100}{20}=98\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{98}{1,2}\simeq81,67\left(ml\right)\)
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Gọi nNa2CO3 = x (mol)
Na2CO3 + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
x \(\rightarrow\) 2x \(\rightarrow\) 2 x (mol)
C%(NaCl) = \(\frac{2.58,5x}{200+120}\) . 100% = 20%
=> x =0,547 (mol)
mNa2CO3 = 0,547 . 106 = 57,982 (g)
mHCl = 2 . 0,547 . 36,5 =39,931 (g)
C%(Na2CO3) =\(\frac{57,892}{200}\) . 100% = 28,946%
C%(HCl) = \(\frac{39,931}{120}\) . 100% = 33,28%
a)mH2SO4=\(\dfrac{200.7,3\text{%}}{100\%}\)=14,6g
nHCl=\(\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}\)=0,4(mol)
PTHH:
NaOH+ HCl→ NaCl+ H2O
1 1 1 1
0,4 0,4 0,4 (mol)
⇒mNaOH=0,4.40=16(g)
Nồng độ % của dd NaOH cần dùng là:
C%NaOH=\(\dfrac{16}{200}\) .100%=8%
b)Ta có:mdd spứ=mdd trc pứ=400g
mNaCl=0,4.58,5=23,4g
Nồng độ % dd muối tạo thành sau pứ là:
C%dd NaCl=\(\dfrac{23,4}{400}\) .100%=5,85%
\(n_{K2O}=\dfrac{9,4}{94}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(K_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH|\)
1 1 2
0,1 0,2
a) \(n_{KOH}=\dfrac{0,1.2}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
200ml = 0,2l
\(C_{M_{ddKOH}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
b) Pt : \(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O|\)
1 1 1 1
0,1 0,1
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{3,65.100}{10}=36,5\left(g\right)\)
c) \(CO_2+2KOH\rightarrow K_2CO_3+H_2O|\)
1 2 1 1
0,05 0,1
\(n_{CO2}=\dfrac{0,1.1}{2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{CO2\left(dktc\right)}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
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\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{31,2}{208}=0,15mol\)
\(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\)
0,15 0,15 0,15 0,3
a)\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,15\cdot233=34,95\left(g\right)\)
b)\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\cdot98=14,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,7}{19,6}\cdot100=75\left(g\right)\)
c)\(m_{HCl}=0,3\cdot36,5=10,95\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsau}=31,2+75-34,95=71,25\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95}{71,25}\cdot100\%=15,37\%\)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{48,75}{162,5}=0,3(mol)\\ 3NaOH+FeCl_3\to Fe(OH)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3(mol);n_{NaOH}=n_{NaCl}=0,9(mol)\\ a,m_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3.107=32,1(g)\\ b,m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,9.40}{10\%}=360(g)\\ c,C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,9.58,5}{360+48,75-32,1}.100\%=13,98\%\\ \)
\(d,2Fe(OH)_3+3H_2SO_4\to Fe_2(SO_4)_3+6H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{20\%}=220,5(g)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{220,5}{1,14}=193,42(ml)\)
a, \(D=\dfrac{m}{V}\Rightarrow m_{ddNa_2SO_4}=1,12.2.1000=2240\left(g\right)\)
b, PT: \(BaCl_2+Na_2SO_4\rightarrow2NaCl+BaSO_{4\downarrow}\)
Ta có: \(m_{BaCl_2}=416.20\%=83,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{83,2}{208}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaCl}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Có: m dd sau pư = 416 + 2240 - 0,4.233 = 2562,8 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,8.58,5}{2562,8}.100\%\approx1,83\%\)
\(n_{BaCl2}=\dfrac{20\%.416}{100\%.208}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(BaCl_2+Na_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2NaCl\)
0,4 0,4 0,8
a) \(m_{ddNa2SO4}=D.V=1,12.2000=2240\left(g\right)\)
b) \(m_{ddspu}=416+2240-\left(0,4.233\right)=2562,8\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{\left(0,8.58,5\right)}{2562,8}.100\%=1,83\%\)
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