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+) b là trung bình cộng của a và c => a + c = 2b
+) \(\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{d}\right)\) => \(\frac{1}{c}=\frac{d+2b}{2bd}\) => 2bd = c(d + 2b) . Thay 2b = a + c ta có:
(a + c)d = c.(d + a + c) => ad + cd = cd + ac + c2 => ad = ac + c2 => ad = c.(a + c) => ad = cb => \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\) (điều phải chứng minh)
Bài 2:
Đặt a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
a: \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk+b}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{c+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{c+d}\)
b: \(\dfrac{7a^2+5ac}{7a^2-5ac}=\dfrac{7\cdot b^2k^2+5\cdot bk\cdot dk}{7\cdot b^2k^2-5\cdot bk\cdot dk}\)
\(=\dfrac{7b^2k^2+5bdk^2}{7b^2k^2-5bdk^2}=\dfrac{7b^2+5bd}{7b^2-5bd}\)(đpcm)
bz-cy/a = cx- az /b = ay-bx /c => bxz-cxy / ax = cxy-azy / b = azy-bxz/c = bxz-cxy + cxy-azy+azy-bxz / a+b+c = 0/ a+b+c = 0
Suy ra : bz -cy/a = 0 => bz-cy=0 => bz = cy => z/c = b/y
cx-az/b = 0 => cx-az=0 => cx=az => x/a = z/c
ay-bx/c = 0 => ay-bx = 0 => ay=bx=> y/b = x/a
Vậy x/a=y/b=c/z
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{d}\right)=\frac{b+d}{2bd}\)
\(\Rightarrow2bd=c\left(b+d\right)\left(2\right)\)
Do b là TBC của a và c nên \(b=\frac{a+c}{2}\)
Thay vào (1) ta có: \(2.\frac{a+c}{2}.d=c.\left(\frac{a+c}{2}+d\right)\)
=> (a + c).d = \(\frac{c.\left(a+c+2d\right)}{2}\)
=> (a + c).2d = c.(a + c + 2d)
=> 2ad + 2cd = ac + c2 + 2cd
=> 2ad = ac + c2 = c.(a + c) = c.2b
=> ad = bc
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Bài 1:
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, Ta có: \(\dfrac{a+c}{c}=\dfrac{bk+dk}{dk}=\dfrac{\left(b+d\right)k}{dk}=\dfrac{b+d}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
b, Ta có: \(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}=\dfrac{bk+dk}{b+d}=\dfrac{k\left(b+d\right)}{b+d}=k\) (1)
\(\dfrac{a-c}{b-d}=\dfrac{bk-dk}{b-d}=\dfrac{k\left(b-d\right)}{b-d}=k\) (2)
Từ (1), (2) \(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
c, Ta có: \(\dfrac{a-c}{a}=\dfrac{bk-dk}{bk}=\dfrac{k\left(b-d\right)}{bk}=\dfrac{b-d}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
d, Ta có: \(\dfrac{3a+5b}{2a-7b}=\dfrac{3bk+5b}{2bk-7b}=\dfrac{b\left(3k+5\right)}{b\left(2k-7\right)}=\dfrac{3k+5}{2k-7}\)(1)
\(\dfrac{3c+5d}{2c-7d}=\dfrac{3dk+5d}{2dk-7d}=\dfrac{d\left(3k+5\right)}{d\left(2k-7\right)}=\dfrac{3k+5}{2k-7}\) (2)
Từ (1), (2) \(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
e, Sai đề
f, \(\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^{2012}=\left(\dfrac{bk-b}{dk-d}\right)^{2012}=\left[\dfrac{b\left(k-1\right)}{d\left(k-1\right)}\right]^{2012}=\dfrac{b^{2012}}{d^{2012}}\)(1)
\(\dfrac{a^{2012}+b^{2012}}{c^{2012}+d^{2012}}=\dfrac{b^{2012}k^{2012}+b^{2012}}{d^{2012}k^{2012}+d^{2012}}=\dfrac{b^{2012}\left(k^{2012}+1\right)}{d^{2012}\left(k^{2012}+1\right)}=\dfrac{b^{2012}}{d^{2012}}\) (2)
Từ (1), (2) \(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Câu 1:
\(\dfrac{x+1}{10}+\dfrac{x+1}{11}+\dfrac{x+1}{12}=\dfrac{x+1}{13}+\dfrac{x+1}{14}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x+1}{10}+\dfrac{x+1}{11}+\dfrac{x+1}{12}\right)\) - \(\left(\dfrac{x+1}{13}+\dfrac{x+1}{14}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{13}-\dfrac{1}{14}\right)\)= 0
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{13}-\dfrac{1}{14}\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1=0\)
=> x = 0 - 1
=> x = -1
Câu 2:
Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{3n+9}{n-4}=\dfrac{3n-3.4+9+12}{n-4}\)
\(=\dfrac{3.\left(n-4\right)+21}{n-4}=3+\dfrac{21}{n-4}\)
Để A có giá trị nguyên thì:
n - 4 \(\in\) Ư(21)
=> n - 4 \(\in\)
| n4 | 3 | -3 | 7 | -7 | -1 | 1 | -21 | 21 |
| n | 7 | 1 | 11 | -3 | 3 | 5 | -17 | 25 |
#)Giải :
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{d}\right)=\frac{b+d}{2bd}\)
\(\Rightarrow2bd=c\left(b+d\right)\left(1\right)\)
Do b là trung bình cộng của a và c nên \(b=\frac{a+c}{2}\)
Thay vào (1) ta được \(2.\frac{a+c}{2}.d=c\left(\frac{a+c}{2}+d\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+c\right)d=\frac{c\left(a+c+2d\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+c\right)2d=c\left(a+c+2d\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2ad+2cd=ac+c^2+2cd\)
\(\Rightarrow2ad=ac+c^2=c\left(a+c\right)=c.2b\)
\(\Rightarrow ad=bc\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Vì b=\(\dfrac{a+c}{2}\) , nên 2b=a+c
Do \(\dfrac{1}{c}\) =\(\dfrac{1}{2}\) (\(\dfrac{1}{b}\) +\(\dfrac{1}{d}\) )=\(\dfrac{b+d}{2bd}\) ,hay 2bd=bc+cd
Hay d(a+c)=bc+cd, do đó ad=bc.Đẳng thức này chứng tỏ bốn số a,b,c,d lập nên một tỉ lệ thức