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tham khảo
Bảo toàn khối lượng:
m kim loại+ mO2= moxit
=> mO2= 3.33-2.13=1.2g
=> nO2= 1.2/32=0.0375mol
=>nO=0.075mol
mà cứ 1O + 2H+ = 1H2O
=> 0.075mol 0.15mol
vậy nH+ cần dùng là 0.15mol
mà CM=n / V => V= n / CM = 0.15 / 2 = 0.075l =75ml
- Phần 1:
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=z\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) (trong phần 1)
⇒ 24x + 27y + 64z = 3,48 (1)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+3n_{Al}=2x+3y=0,16\left(2\right)\)
- Phần 2:
Mg, Al, Cu có số mol lần lượt là: kx, ky, kz (mol)
PT: \(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Cu}=\dfrac{1}{2}kx+\dfrac{3}{4}ky+\dfrac{1}{2}kz=0,165\left(3\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{CuO}=n_{Cu}=kz=0,09\left(4\right)\)
Từ (3) và (4) có: \(\dfrac{kz}{\dfrac{1}{2}kx+\dfrac{3}{4}ky+\dfrac{1}{2}kz}=\dfrac{0,09}{0,165}\Rightarrow\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{3}{4}y+\dfrac{1}{2}z}=\dfrac{6}{11}\)
⇒ 3x + 4,5y - 8z = 0 (5)
Từ (1), (2) và (5) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\left(mol\right)\\y=0,04\left(mol\right)\\z=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào (4) ⇒ k = 3
Vậy: nMg = x + kx = 0,08 (mol) ⇒ mMg = 0,08.24 = 1,92 (g)
nAl = y + ky = 0,16 (mol) ⇒ mAl = 0,16.27 = 4,32 (g)
nCu = z + kz = 0,12 (mol) ⇒ mCu = 0,12.64 = 7,68 (g)
ta có n Mg=nZn
=>n H2=0,2 mol
->n Zn=n Mg=0,1 mol
=>m Mg=0,1.24=2,4g
=>B
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{40.9}{100}=3,6\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=9-3,6=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=\dfrac{3,6}{24}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Mg + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2
0,15 ------------------------> 0,15
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2 ---------------------------> 0,3
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\left(0,15+0,3\right).22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{6,48}{18}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yH2 --to--> xFe + yH2O
Theo pthh: \(n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=0,36\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{oxit}=15,12+16.0,36=20,88\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{15,12}{56}=0,27\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,27 : 0,36 = 3 : 4
=> CTHH: Fe3O4 (oxit sắt từ)
mMg = 40%x9 = 3,6(g) =>nMg=3,6:24 = 0,15 (mol)
=> mAl = 9-3,6 = 5,4(g) => nAl = 5,4:27 = 0,2 (mol)
pthh : 2Al+6HCl -> 2AlCl3+3H2
0,2 0,3
Mg+2HCl -> MgCl2 +H2
0,15 0,15
=> nH2 = 0,15 + 0,3 = 0,45 (mol)
=> VH2 = 0,45.22,4 = 10,08 (L)
mH2 = 0,45 . 2 = 0,9 (mol)
áp dụng BLBTKL ta có :
mH2 + moxit sắt = mFe + mH2O
=> moxit sắt = 20,7 (g)
a)
\(Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ Fe_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2FeCl_3 + 3H_2\)
Theo PTHH : \(n_{Zn} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{Fe_2O_3} = \dfrac{35,5-0,3.65}{160} = 0,1\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl} = 2n_{Zn} + 6n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,3.2 + 0,1.6 = 1,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{HCl} = 1,2.36,5 = 43,8(gam)\)
b)
\(CuO + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Cu + H_2O\\ Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe + 3H_2O\)
Gọi \(n_{CuO} = a;n_{Fe_2O_3} = b\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80a+160b=19,6\\a+3b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,135\\b=0,055\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=0,135\\n_{Fe}=0,055.2=0,11\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu}=0,135.64=8,64\left(gam\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,11.56=6,16\left(gam\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\) (1)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\) (2)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\) (3)
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\) (4)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=z\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 24x + 27y + 64z = 1,384 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,3584}{22,4}=0,016\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,016\left(2\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\right)}=2n_{H_2}=0,032\left(mol\right)=n_{HCl\left(4\right)}\) \(n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl\left(4\right)}=0,016=z\left(3\right)\)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,012\left(mol\right)\\y=\dfrac{1}{375}\left(mol\right)\\z=0,016\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,012.24=0,288\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{375}.27=0,072\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=0,016.64=1,024\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,032}{0,32}=0,1\left(M\right)\)
\(a) n_{Mg} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 24a + 56b = 9,6(1)\\ 2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO\\ 3Fe + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe_3O_4\\ n_{O_2} = 0,5a + \dfrac{2}{3}b = \dfrac{2,8}{22,4} = 0,125(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow a = 0,05 ; b = 0,15\\ m_{Mg} = 0,05.24 = 1,2(gam) ; m_{Fe} = 0,15.56 = 8,4(gam)\\ b) m_{oxit} = m_A + m_{O_2} = 9,6 + 0,125.32 = 13,6(gam)\)
A
A