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Al, Fe không tác dụng với H2SO4 đặc nguội
Rắn không tan ở TN2 là Cu
mCu = 6,4 (g)
=> \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Cu + 2H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
0,1-------------------------->0,1
=> V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{15,8}{158}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 --to--> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
a-------------->0,5a----->0,5a
=> 158(0,1-a) + 197.0,5a + 87.0,5a = 14,84
=> a = 0,06 (mol)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 + 16HCl --> 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
0,04----------------------------------->0,1
K2MnO4 + 8HCl --> 2KCl + MnCl2 + 2Cl2 + 4H2O
0,03--------------------------------->0,06
MnO2 + 4HCl --> MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
0,03--------------------->0,03
=> \(n_{Cl_2}=0,1+0,06+0,03=0,19\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{Cl_2}=0,19.22,4=4,256\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{58,4.15\%}{36,5}=0,24\left(mol\right)\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,24}{2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V1=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,12.22,4=2,688\left(l\right)\\ x=m_{Cu}=m_{hhA}-m_{Fe}=15,68-0,12.56=8,96\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{8,96}{64}=0,14\left(mol\right)\\ 2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2FeCl_3\\ Cu+Cl_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)CuCl_2\\ n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Fe}+n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,12+0,14=0,32\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V2=V_{Cl_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,32.22,4=7,168\left(l\right)\\ y=m_{muối}=m_{AlCl_3}+m_{CuCl_2}=0,12.133,5+0,14.135=34,92\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+3H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+56b=11\\1,5a+b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,4=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8}{8}=0,1\left(l\right)\\ b,FeCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl\downarrow\\ AlCl_3+3AgNO_3\rightarrow Al\left(NO_3\right)_3+3AgCl\downarrow\\ n_{AgCl}=n_{AgNO_3}=3.n_{AlCl_3}+2.n_{FeCl_2}=3.a+2.b=3.0,2+2.0,1=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=\dfrac{170.0,8}{250}.100=54,4\%\\ b=m_{\downarrow}=m_{AgCl}=0,8.143,5=114,8\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{PbS}=\dfrac{23,9}{239}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2S}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\%V_{H_2S}=\dfrac{0,1.22,4}{2,464}.100\%=90,9\%\)
\(\%V_{H_2}=100\%-90,9\%=9,1\%\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,464.9,1\%}{22,4}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
0,01<-------------------0,01
FeS + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2S
0,1<---------------------0,1
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,01.56}{0,01.56+0,1.88}.100\%=5,983\%\\\%m_{FeS}=\dfrac{0,1.88}{0,01.56+0,1.88}.100\%=94,017\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đáp án B
16HCl + 2KMnO4→ 5Cl2+ 2MnCl2+ 2KCl+8H2O
m/15 → m/63,2
6HCl + KClO3 →3Cl2+ KCl+3H2O
m/122,5→ m/40,8
4HCl + MnO2→ Cl2+ MnCl2+ 2H2O
m/87 → m/87
So sánh thấy nếu lấy cùng 1 lượng các chất phản ứng với HCl thì KClO3 cho nhiều khí Cl2 nhất
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\frac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_S=\frac{4,8}{32}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(PTHH:Fe+S\rightarrow FeS\)
\(\frac{0,1}{1}< \frac{0,15}{1}\) nên S dư
\(S+2HCl\rightarrow H_2S+Cl_2\)
\(FeS+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2S\)
\(CuSO_4+H_2S\rightarrow CuS+H_2SO_4\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H2S}=0,05+0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuS}=n_{H2S}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuS}=0,15.96=14,4\left(g\right)\)
$PTHH:2KMnO_4+16HCl\to 2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2\uparrow+8H_2O(1)$
$2Fe+3Cl_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3(2)$
$n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{47,4}{158}=0,3(mol);n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3(mol)$
Theo PT: $n_{Cl_2(1)}=0,75(mol)\Rightarrow n_{Cl_2(2)}=0,75(mol)$
Lập tỉ lệ: $\dfrac{n_{Cl_2(2)}}{3}>\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{2}\Rightarrow Cl_2$ dư
$\Rightarrow n_{FeCl_3}=n_{Fe}=0,3(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{FeCl_3}=0,3.162,5=48,75(g)$
2KMnO\(_4\)+16HCl→2MnCl\(_2\)+2KCl+5Cl\(_2\)↑+8H\(_2\)O
0,2 1,6 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,8(mol)
nKMnO\(_4\)=\(\dfrac{31,6}{156}\)=0,2(mol)
3Cl\(_2\)+2Fe→2FeCl\(_3\)
0,5 0,3 0,3
mFeCl\(_3\)=0,3.162,5=48,75(g)