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\(Q=\Sigma\frac{x^2}{xy^2z}+\frac{x^5}{y}+\frac{y^5}{z}+\frac{z^5}{x}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{xyz\left(x+y+z\right)}+4\sqrt[4]{\frac{x^5y^5z^5}{xyz}.\frac{1}{16}}-\frac{1}{16}\)
\(=\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}+2xyz-\frac{1}{16}=\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}+32xyz+32xyz-62xyz-\frac{1}{16}\)
\(\ge5\sqrt[5]{\frac{1}{\left(xyz\right)^2}.32^2\left(xyz\right)^2}-\frac{62}{27}\left(x+y+z\right)^3-\frac{1}{16}=20-\frac{31}{4}-\frac{1}{16}=\frac{195}{16}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}\)
Liên tục áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\) và ta có:
\(\frac{1}{3x+3y+2x}=\frac{1}{2\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+y+2z\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\right)\le\frac{1}{8\left(x+y\right)}+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
Chứng minh tương tự tạ có:
\(\frac{1}{3x+2y+3z}\le\frac{1}{8\left(z+x\right)}+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}\le\frac{1}{8\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{z+x}+\frac{1}{x+y}\right)\)
Suy ra \(VT\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)+\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{4}\)
HSG toán 9 Quảng Nam năm 2018-2019
Giải: Từ đẳng thức đã cho suy ra: \(x>\frac{1}{2};y>\frac{1}{2};z>\frac{1}{2}\). Áp dụng (a+b)2 >= 4ab ta có:
\(\left(x+2y\right)^2=\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}+\frac{3y}{2}\right)^2\ge4\cdot\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}\right)\cdot\frac{3y}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2y\right)^2\ge3y\left(2x+y\right)\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x+2y}\le\frac{x+2y}{3y}\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2y+z}{y\left(y+2z\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\\\frac{2z+x}{z\left(z+2x\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\left("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\right)\)
Ta có \(\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)\cdot1}\le\frac{\left(2x-1\right)+1}{2}\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}\le2\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{y}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}},\frac{1}{z}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}\)Do đó:
\(A\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z=1
Vậy GTLN của A=3 đạt được khi x=y=z=1
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{d}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1+1\right)^2}{a+b+c+d}=\frac{16}{a+b+c+d}\)ta có :
\(\frac{16}{3x+3y+2z}\le\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\)
\(\frac{16}{3x+2y+3z}\le\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\)
\(\frac{16}{2x+3y+3z}\le\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 đẳng thức trên ta được :
\(16.\left(\frac{1}{3x+3y+2z}+\frac{1}{3x+2y+3z}+\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}\right)\)
\(\le4.\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)=4.6=24\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{3x+3y+2z}+\frac{1}{3x+2y+3z}+\frac{1}{2x+3y+3z}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Câu hỏi của NGUYỄN DOÃN ANH THÁI - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Bài 1:
Đặt \(\left(x+y;y+z;z+x\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=6\)
\(P=\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+2c}+\frac{1}{a+2b+c}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{a+a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+c+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{6}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}\) hay \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{4}\)
Bài 2:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2-xy=5\\\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)=5x+15y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2-xy=5\\5\left(x+y\right)=5x+15y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow10y=0\Rightarrow y=0\)
Thay vào pt đầu: \(x^2=5\Rightarrow x=\pm\sqrt{5}\)
Vậy nghiệm của hệ là \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\sqrt{5};0\right);\left(-\sqrt{5};0\right)\)
Đặt \(\left(a,b,c\right)=\left(\sqrt{x},\sqrt{y},\sqrt{z}\right)\).
Xét 4 số m, n, p, q. Ta sẽ chứng minh \(\left(m+n+p+q\right)^2\le4\left(m^2+n^2+p^2+q^2\right)\) (*)
Thật vậy:
(*) \(\Leftrightarrow2\left(mn+np+pq+qm+mp+nq\right)\le3\left(m^2+n^2+p^2+q^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m-n\right)^2+\left(n-p\right)^2+\left(p-q\right)^2+\left(q-m\right)^2+\left(m-p\right)^2+\left(n-q\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng).
Từ đó: \(\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\sqrt{z}\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2\le4\left(x+y+z+z\right)=4\left(x+y+2z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\sqrt{z}\le2\sqrt{x+y+2z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{xy}{x+y+2z}}=\frac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x+y+2z}}\le\frac{2\sqrt{x}\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\sqrt{z}}=\frac{2ab}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{2}ab\frac{4}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}ab\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)
Tương tự, ta có:
\(\sum\sqrt{\frac{xy}{x+y+2z}}\le\frac{1}{2}\sum\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\sum\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{bc}{c+a}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\sum a=\frac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng tính chất : 1/a+b < = 1/4.(1/a+1/b) thì :
x/2x+y+z = x.(1/2x+y+z) = x.[1/(x+y)+(x+z)] < = x/4.(1/x+y + 1/x+z)
Tương tự : ..........
=> x/2x+y+z + y/x+2y+z + z/x+y+2z < = 1/4.(x/x+y + x/x+z + y/y+x + y/y+z + z/z+x + z/x+y )
= 1/4. [ ( x/x+y + y/x+y ) + ( y/y+z + z/z+y ) + ( z/z+x + x/x+z )
= 1/4.(1+1+1) = 3/4
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z
Vậy ..........
Tk mk nha
Đặt BT là P:
\(\text{P}=\frac{x}{\left(2x+y+z\right)}-1+\frac{y}{2y+z+x}-1+\frac{z}{\left(2z+x+y\right)}-1+3\)
\(\text{P}=-\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(2x+y-z\right)}-\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(2y+z+x\right)}-\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(2z+x+y\right)}+3\)
\(\text{P}=-\left(x+y+z\right).\left[\frac{1}{\left(2x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(2y+z+x\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(2z+x+y\right)}\right]+3\)
Co-si 3 số, ta có:
\(2x+y+z+2y+z+x+2z+x+y\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\left(2x+y+z\right)\left(2y+z+x\right)\left(2z+x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow4\left(x+y+z\right)\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\left(2x+y+z\right)\left(2y+z+x\right)\left(2z+x+y\right)}\)(1)
Co-si tiếp cho 3 số, ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(2x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(2y+z+x\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(2z+x+y\right)}\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{\left(2x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(2y+z+x\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(2z+x+y\right)}}\)(2)
Lấy (1) và (2) ta có: \(4\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\frac{1}{\left(2x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(2y+z+x\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(2z+x+y\right)}\right]\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+y+z\right).\left[\frac{1}{\left(2x+y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(2y+z+x\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(2z+x+y\right)}\right]\le-\frac{9}{4}\)
Thay P, ta có:
\(\text{P}\le-\frac{9}{3}+3=\frac{3}{4}\left(ĐPCM\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y = z.