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Ta vó nH2 = \(\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}\) = 0,6 ( mol )
2Al + 6HCl \(\rightarrow\) 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,4.......0,6...........0,4........0,6
=> mAl = 27 . 0,4 = 10,8 ( gam )
=> %mAl = \(\dfrac{10,8}{27}\) . 100 = 40 %
=> %mZn = 100 - 40 = 60 %
=> mZnO = 27 - 10,8 = 16,2 ( gam )
=> nZnO = \(\dfrac{16,2}{81}\) = 0,2 ( mol )
ZnO + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) ZnCl2 + H2O
0,2........0,4.........0,2
=> mHCl = ( 0,4 + 0,6 ) . 36,5 = 36,5 ( gam )
=> mHCl cần dùng = 36,5 : 29,2 . 100 = 125 ( gam )
=> mAlCl3 = 0,4 . 133,5 = 53,4 ( gam )
=> mZnCl2 = 136 . 0,2 = 27,2 ( gam )
Mdung dịch = Mtham gia - MH2
= 27 + 125 - 0,6 . 2
= 150,8 ( gam )
==> C%AlCl3 = \(\dfrac{53,4}{150,8}\times100\approx35,4\%\)
=> C%ZnCl2 = \(\dfrac{27,2}{150,8}\times100\approx18,04\%\)
a, PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{14,8}.100\%\approx72,97\%\\\%m_{MgO}\approx27,03\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{14,8-0,4.27}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}+n_{MgO}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,7.98=68,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{68,6}{10\%}=686\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgSO_4}=n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 14,8 + 686 - 0,6.2 = 699,6 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,2.342}{699,6}.100\%\approx9,78\%\\C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{699,6}.100\%\approx1,72\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a_____2a______a_____a (mol)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
b_____3b_______b_____\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=36,1\\a+\dfrac{3}{2}b=\dfrac{21,28}{22,4}=0,95\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\\b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,5\cdot56=28\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=8,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b+c) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2a+3b=1,9\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,9}{0,2}=9,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
C32:
a, \(n_C=\dfrac{2,4}{12}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_C=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{NaOH}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=1,5\) → Pư tạo NaHCO3 và Na2CO3
PT: \(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
\(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=n_{NaHCO_3}+n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,2\\n_{NaOH}=n_{NaHCO_3}+2n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaHCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ mNaHCO3 = 0,1.84 = 8,4 (g)
mNa2CO3 = 0,1.106 = 10,6 (g)
c, \(C_{M_{NaHCO_3}}=C_{M_{Na_2CO_3}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(M\right)\)
Lần sau bạn đăng tách câu hỏi ra nhé.
C31:
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{14,6}.100\%\approx44,52\%\\\%m_{ZnO}\approx55,48\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{14,6-0,1.65}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}+2n_{ZnO}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{10\%}=146\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{Mg}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=1\cdot24=24\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24}{32}\cdot100\%=75\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=25\%\)
b) Theo 2 PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{MgO}=2\cdot\dfrac{32-24}{40}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=2,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{2,4\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=1200\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(\Sigma n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma m_{MgCl_2}=1,2\cdot95=114\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=1\cdot2=2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=1230\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{114}{1230}\cdot100\%\approx9,27\%\)
Tiếp bài của creeper nhé:
c. Ta có: \(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{4,86}{81}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(1): \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{ZnO}=2.0,06=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{Zn}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{HCl}=0,12+0,2=0,32\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{HCl}=0,32.36,5=11,68\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{HCl}}=\dfrac{11,68}{m_{dd_{HCl}}}.100\%=12\%\)
=> \(m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{292}{3}\left(g\right)\)
Theo đề, ta có:
\(D=\dfrac{\dfrac{292}{3}}{V_{dd_{HCl}}}=1,2\)(g/ml)
=> \(V_{dd_{HCl}}=81,1\left(ml\right)\)
2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (1)
ZnO + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2O (2)
a) nH2= 13,44/22.4=0.6(mol) -> mH2=0,6.2=1,2(g)
Theo PTHH: nAl = 2/3 nH2 = 2/3 . 0,6= 0,4(mol) -> mAl = 0,4 . 27=10,8(g)
-> mZnO = 27-10,8= 16,2(g)
b) nZnO = 16,2/81=0,2(mol)
Theo PTHH (2): nHCl = 2nZnO=2.0,2=0,4(mol)
Theo PTHH (1) : nHCl=2nH2=2.0,6=1,2(mol)
-> \(\Sigma\)nHCl = 0,4+1,2=1,6(mol)
-> mHCl = 1,6.36,5= 58,4(g)
-> mddHCl = 58,4.100/29,2= 200(g)
c) Theo PTHH (1): nAlCl3 = 2/3 nH2 = 2/3 . 0,6=0,4(mol) -> mAlCl3=0,4.133,5=53,4(g)
mdd sau phản ứng= mA + mddHCl - mH2 =27+200-1,2 =225,8(g)
-> C% AlCl3 = 53,4.100%/225,8 = 20,88%
Theo PTHH (2) nZnCl2 =nZnO= 0,2(mol)-> mZnCl2=0,2.136=27,2(g)
-> C% ZnCl2= 27,2.100%/255,8=10,63%
Bạn ơi bài này mình giải phương trình được chứ?