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\(n_{MnO_2}=\dfrac{17,4}{87}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:MnO_2+4HCl_{đặc,nóng}\rightarrow MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\\ n_{Cl_2\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{3,584}{22,4}=0,16\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Cl_2\left(LT\right)}=n_{MnO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow H=\dfrac{n_{Cl_2\left(TT\right)}}{n_{Cl_2\left(LT\right)}}.100\%=\dfrac{0,16}{0,2}.100=80\%\)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{m_{KMnO_4}}{M_{KMnO_4}}=\dfrac{47,4}{158}=0,3mol\)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{80\%}=0,375mol\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
2 16 2 2 5 8 ( mol )
0,375 > 2,5 ( mol )
0,375 0,9375 ( mol )
\(V_{Cl_2}=n_{Cl_2}.22,4=0,9375.22,4=21l\)
\(n_{KMnO_4\left(bd\right)}=\dfrac{47,4}{158}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) => \(n_{KMnO_4\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{0,3.80}{100}=0,24\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 + 16HCl --> 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
0,24------------------------------------->0,6
=> \(V=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
MnO\(_2\)+4HCl\(\rightarrow\)MnCl\(_2\)+Cl\(_2\)+2H\(_2O\)
0,45 0,45 (mol)
n\(_{MnO_2}\)=\(\dfrac{39,15}{87}\)=0,45(mol)
2Fe + 3Cl\(_2\)\(\rightarrow\)2FeCl\(_3\)
0,3 0,45 0,3 (mol)
m\(_{FeCl_3}\)=0,3.162,5=48,75(g)
vì hiệu suất phản ứng là 86% nên:
m\(_{FeCl_3}\)=\(\dfrac{86.48,75}{100}\)=41,925(g)
2/
Mg+Cl\(_2\)\(\rightarrow\)MnCl\(_2\)
0,6 0,6
n\(_{Mg}\)=\(\dfrac{14,4}{24}\)=0,6(mol)
2\(KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2MnCl_2+2KCl+5Cl_2\uparrow+8H_2O\)
0,24 0,6
vì hiệu suất phản ứng bằng 80%,nên để điều chế 0,6 mol Cl\(_2\)thì cần số mol \(KMnO_4\) là:
n\(_{KMnO_4}\)=\(\dfrac{0,24.100}{80}\)=0,3(mol)
m\(KMnO_4\)=0,3.158=47,4(g)
Đáp án C
MnO2 + 4HCl →MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
0,1 →0,1 (mol)
Do H% = 85% => 
= 0,085 (mol)
V = 0,085.22,4 = 1,904 (lít)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: KClO3 + 6HCl --> KCl + 3Cl2 + 3H2O
0,15<-------------------0,45
=> \(H=\dfrac{0,15.122,5}{24,5}.100\%=75\%\)
- PT: a, \(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\) (1)
\(MnO_2+4HCl_đ\underrightarrow{t^o}MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\) (2)
- Ta có: \(n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT (1): \(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{5}{16}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=0,125\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_1=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\)
(2): \(n_{Cl_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_2=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
PT: \(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KMnO_4\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{2}{5}n_{Cl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{16}{5}n_{Cl_2}=1,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{KMnO_4\left(LT\right)}=0,2.158=31,6\left(g\right)\\V_{ddHCl\left(LT\right)}=\dfrac{1,6}{2}=0,8\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà: H% = 75%
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{KMnO_4\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{31,6}{75\%}\approx42,13\left(g\right)\\V_{ddHCl\left(TT\right)}=\dfrac{0,8}{75\%}\approx1,067\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
\(PTHH:MnO_2+4HCl\rightarrow MnCl_2+2H_2O+Cl_2\)
Đổi 250ml = 0,25l
\(n_{HCl}=4.0,25=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{MnO2}=\frac{17,4}{87}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Tỉ lê: \(n_{MnO2}< n_{HCl}\)
Nên MnO2 hết, HCl dư ( Tính nCl2 (lý thuyết) theo nMnO2 )
Số mol MnO2: số mol Cl2= 1:1
\(n_{Cl2}=n_{MnO2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Cl2\left(lt\right)}=0,2.71=14,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Cl2\left(tt\right)}=\frac{3,584}{22,4}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cl2\left(tt\right)}=0,16.71=1,36\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow H=\frac{11,36}{14,2}.100\%=80\%\)