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Rượu etylic \(C_2H_5OH\)
Axit axetic \(CH_3COOH\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
\(2CH_3COOH+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
0,2 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot60}{39,6}\cdot100\%=30,3\%\)
\(\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=100\%-30,3\%=69,7\%\)
a)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 --> 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O
0,2<----------0,1<-------------0,2<-------0,1
=> \(m_{CH_3COOH}=0,2.60=12\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{12}{39,6}.100\%=30,3\%\)
\(\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{39,6-12}{39,6}.100\%=69,7\%\)
b) dd sau pư chứa \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CH_3COONa:0,2\left(mol\right)\\C_2H_5OH:\dfrac{39,6-12}{46}=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(V_{dd}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05\left(l\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(CH_3COONa\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,05}=4M\\C_{M\left(C_2H_5OH\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,05}=12M\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{CH_3COOH}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2C2H5OH + 2Na ---> 2C2H5ONa + H2
a---------------------------------------->0,5a
2CH3COOH + 2Na ---> 2CH3COONa + H2
b------------------------------------------------>0,5b
=> hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46a+60b=48,8\\0,5a+0,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,8\left(mol\right)\\b=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,8.46=36,8\left(g\right)\\m_{CH_3COOH}=0,2.60=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{36,8}{48,8}.100\%=75,41\%\\\%m_{CH_3COOH}=100\%-75,41\%=24,59\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, PTHH:
\(C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\xrightarrow[t^o]{H_2SO_4đặc}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
LTL: 0,8 > 0,2 => Rượu dư
\(n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5\left(tt\right)}=0,2.85\%=0,17\left(mol\right)\\ m_{este}=0,17.88=14,96\left(g\right)\)
a.Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=x\\n_{CH_3COOH}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\)
\(2C_2H_5OH+2Na\rightarrow2C_2H_5ONa+H_2\)
x 1/2 x ( mol )
\(2CH_3COOH+Na\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+H_2\)
y 1/2 y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46x+60y=48,8\\\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,8\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,8.46=36,8g\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{36,8}{48,8}.100=75,4\%\\\%m_{CH_3COOH}=100\%-75,4\%=24,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.\(C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(H_2SO_4\left(đ\right),t^o\right)CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
0,8 < 0,2 ( mol )
0,2 0,2 ( mol )
\(m_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=0,2.88.85\%=14,96g\)
Câu 2:
V(C2H5OH)= 2 x 30/100= 0,6(l)
=> V(H2O)=V(H2O,C2H5OH) - V(C2H5OH)=2-0,6=1,4(l)
=> Cách pha: Rót thêm 1,4 lít nước vào 0,6 lít C2H5OH ta sẽ được 2 lít rượu etylic 30o
Câu 1 :
\(n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{200\cdot12\%}{60}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(2CH_3COOH+CaCO_3\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Ca+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(0.4........................0.2................0.2..................0.2\)
\(m_{CaCO_3}=0.2\cdot100=20\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{CO_2}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Ca}=0.2\cdot158=31.6\left(g\right)\)
a, \(CH_3COOH+Na\rightarrow CH_3COONa+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
\(C_2H_5OH+Na\rightarrow C_2H_5ONa+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
\(CH_3COOH+NaOH\rightarrow CH_3COONa+H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=0,2.0,5=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CH_3COOH}=n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{CH_3COOH}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_{C_2H_5OH}=0,3\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{C_2H_5OH}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m=m_{CH_3COOH}+m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,1.60+0,5.46=29\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,1.60}{29}.100\%\approx20,69\%\\\%m_{C_2H_5OH}\approx79,31\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Gọi số mol CH3COOH, C2H5OH là a, b (mol)
=> 60a + 46b = 25,8 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2CH3COOH --> 2CH3COONa + H2
a------------------------->0,5a
2Na + 2C2H5OH --> 2C2H5ONa + H2
b--------------------->0,5b
=> 0,5a + 0,5b = 0,25 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,3 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,2.60}{25,8}.100\%=46,51\%\\\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{0,3.46}{25,8}.100\%=53,49\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
\(n_{CH_3COOC_2H_5}=\dfrac{13,2}{88}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CH3COOH + C2H5OH --H2SO4(đ),to--> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) => Hiệu suất tính theo CH3COOH
PTHH: CH3COOH + C2H5OH --H2SO4(đ),to--> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
0,15<---------------------------------0,15
=> \(H=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}.100\%=75\%\)
nNaOH=0,3(mol)
CH3COOH + NaOH -> CH3COONa + H2O
x__________x__________________x(mol)
CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH -> CH3COONa + C2H5OH
y_____________y(mol)
Hệ pt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}60x+88y=20,8\\x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
mH2O=18x=18.0,2=3,6(g) => V(H2O)=3,6(ml)
mC2H5OH=46y=46.0,1=4,6(g) => V(H2O)= 46/0,8=57,5(ml)
=> \(D_r=\dfrac{57,5}{57,5+3,6}.100\approx94,1^o\)
Câu 4 sai phần độ rượu
Dr=\(\frac{10,5}{10,5+0,3}=97,2^o\)
Câu 3:
CH3CH2OH viết gọn lại thành C2H5OH
\(n_{CH3COOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{C2H5OH}=\frac{6,9}{46}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CH3COOC2H5}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
\(\frac{n_{CH3COOH}}{1}< \frac{n_{C2H5OH}}{1}\left(0,1< 0,15\right)\)nên hiệu xuất được tính theo CH3COOH
\(PTHH:C_2H_5+CH_3COOH\rightarrow CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
\(H=\frac{n_{CH3COOC2H5}.100}{n_{CH3COOH}}=\frac{0,075.100}{0,1}=75\%\)
Câu 4:
Ta có:
\(V_{C2H5OH}=\frac{8,4}{0,8}=10,5\left(l\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H2O}=300.1=300\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{C2H5OH}=\frac{8,4}{8,4+300}.100\%=2,7\%\)
\(D_r=\frac{10,5}{10,5+300}.100\%=3,38^o\)