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PTHH:
\(Zn+H_2SO_4--->ZnSO_4+H_2\)
\(Cu+H_2SO_4--\times-->\)
a. Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%_{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{6,5}{19,3}.100\%=33,7\%\)
\(\%_{m_{Cu}}=100\%-33,7\%=66,3\%\)
b. Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Đổi 200ml = 0,2 lít
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
c. Ta có: \(V_{dd_{ZnSO_4}}=V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=0,2\left(lít\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{ZnSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
mhh Zn và Fe = 21,6-3 = 18,6 (g)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
Mol: x x
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2
Mol: y y
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+56y=18,6\\x+y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65.100\%}{21,6}=60,19\%\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56.100\%}{21,6}=25,93\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100-60,19-25,93=13,88\%\)
b,
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,2 0,2 0,2
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2
Mol: 0,1 0,1 0,1
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\left(0,1+0,2\right).98=29,4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4.100\%}{25\%}=117,6\left(g\right)\)
c,mdd sau pư = 21,6+117,6- (0,1+0,2).2 = 138,6 (g)
\(C\%_{ddZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.161.100\%}{138,6}=23,23\%\)
\(C\%_{ddFeSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.152.100\%}{138,6}=10,97\%\)
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a_____2a______a____a (mol)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b_____2b_______b____b (mol)
Ta lập hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=10,4\\a+b=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{10,4}\cdot100\%\approx53,85\%\\\%m_{Mg}=46,15\%\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi x, y lần lượt là sô mol của Fe và Mg
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Fe + H2SO4 ---> FeSO4 + H2 (1)
Mg + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + H2 (2)
a. Theo PT(1): \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=y\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y=0,3\) (*)
Theo đề, ta có: 56x + 24y = 10.4 (**)
Từ (*) và (**), ta có HPT:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,3\\56x+24y=10,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right);m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\)
b. Ta có: \(n_{hh}=0,1+0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(1,2): \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{hh}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Đổi 200ml = 0,2 lít
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5M\)
a) PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
b) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
_____0,02<---0,03<---------------------0,03
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=\dfrac{0,02.27}{2,16}.100\%=25\%\\\%Cu=100\%-25\%=75\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) mH2SO4 = 0,03.98 = 2,94 (g)
=> \(C\%\left(H_2SO_4\right)=\dfrac{2,94}{200}.100\%=1,47\%\)
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b>0\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=5,1\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{5,1}.100\approx52,941\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx47,059\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b.m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.98.100}{9,8}=250\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=m_{Al,Mg}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=5,1+250-0,25.2=254,6\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{254,6}.100\approx6,716\%\\ C\%_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.120}{254,6}.100\approx4,713\%\)
PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
a_______a_______a_____a (mol)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
2b______3b__________b_____3b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27\cdot2b=11\\a+3b=0,2\cdot2=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{11}\cdot100\%\approx50,91\%\\\%m_{Al}=49,09\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,4\cdot22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\\C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) nH2SO4=0,4(mol)
Đặt: nFe=x(mol); nAl=y(mol) (x,y>0)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2
x________x______x______x(mol)
2Al + 3 H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
y____1,5y_______0,5y_______1,5y(mol)
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=11\\x+1,5y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mFe=0,1.56=5,6(g)
=>%mFe=(5,6/11).100=50,909%
=>%mAl= 49,091%
b) V(H2,đktc)=0,4.22,4=8,96(l)
c) nAl2(SO4)3= 0,5y=0,5.0,2=0,1(mol)
nFeSO4=x=0,1(mol)
Vddsau=VddH2SO4=0,2(l)
=>CMddAl2(SO4)3= 0,1/0,2=0,5(M)
CMddFeSO4=0,1/0,2=0,5(M)
a)Mg+2CH3COOH→Mg(CH3COO)2+H2
Zn+2CH3COOH→Zn(CH3COO)2+H2
nH2=0,3mol
Gọi a và b lần lượt là số mol của Mg và Zn
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+65b=11,3\\a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
→a=0,2,b=0,1
→mMg=0,2×24=4,8g
→mZn=0,1×65=6,5g
b)%mMg=\(\dfrac{4,8}{11,3}\)×100%=42,48%
%mZn=\(\dfrac{6,5}{11,3}\)×100%=57,52%
c)nCH3COOH=2nMg+2nZn=0,6mol
→mCH3COOH=0,6×60=36g
→C%CH3COOH=\(\dfrac{36}{200}\)×100%=18%
→nMg(CH3COO)2=nMg=0,2mol
→nZn(CH3COO)2=nZn=0,1mol
→mMg(CH3COO)2=0,2×142=28,4g
→mZn(CH3COO)2=0,1×183=18,3g
nH2=nMg+nZn=0,3mol
→mH2=0,6g
→mddmuối=mhỗnhợp+mddCH3COOH−mH2
→mddmuối=11,3+200−0,6=210,7g
→C%Mg(CH3COO)2=\(\dfrac{28,4}{210,7}\)×100%=13,48%
→C%Zn(CH3COO)2=\(\dfrac{18,3}{210,7}\)×100%=8,69%
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1mol\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4g\\ m_{Cu}=6,24-2,4=3,84g\\ b,\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{6,24}\cdot100\%=38,46\%\\ \%m_{Cu}=100\%-38,46\%=61,54\%\\ c,m_{ddMgCl_2}=2,4+60-0,2=62,2g\\ m_{MgCl_2}=0,1.95=9,5g\\ C_{\%MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{62,2}\cdot100\%=15,27\%\)