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\(a,n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5\cdot0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,05\cdot22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{30}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{30}\cdot27=0,9\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}\approx0,017\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,017}{0,1}\approx0,17M\)
nAl= 0,5(mol)
a) PTHH: 2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
nHCl= 6/2 . 0,5= 1,5(mol)
=>mHCl= 1,5.36,5=54,75(mol)
=> mddHCl= (54,75.100)/18,25=300(g)
b) nH2= 3/2. 0,5=0,75(mol)
=>V(H2,đktc)=0,75.22,4=16,8(l)
c) nAlCl3= nAl= 0,5(mol) -> mAlCl3=0,5. 133,5=66,75(g)
mddAlCl3=mAl+ mddHCl - mH2= 13,5 + 300-0,75.2=312(g)
=> \(C\%ddAlCl3=\dfrac{66,75}{312}.100\approx21,394\%\)
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,3 0,1 0,3
\(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4g\\ b.C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,45}=\dfrac{2}{3}M\\ c.2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2H_2O\)
0,3 0,15 0,3
\(V_{O_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,3=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ b,C_{MddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,45}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\\ 2H_2+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2H_2O\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{n_{H_2}}{2}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ c,V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
Bài 2. Cho 8g Fe2O3 tác dụng vừa đủ với dd HCl 20% (D = 1,1g/ml). Hãy tính: a. Thể tích dd HCl đã dùng b. Nồng độ % dd thu được sau phản ứng
a) \(n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(n_{HCl}=6n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{20\%}=54,75\left(g\right)\)
=> \(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{m}{D}=\dfrac{54,75}{1,1}=49,77\left(g\right)\)
b) \(m_{ddsaupu}=8+54,75=62,75\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,05.2.162,5}{62,75}.100=25,9\%\)
a, \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
b, \(n_{HCl}=0,2.0,5=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuO}=n_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,05.80=4\left(g\right)\)
c, \(C_{M_{CuCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,2}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,2.0,5=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
0,05 0,1 0,05
\(b,m_{CuO}=0,05.80=4\left(g\right)\)
\(c,C_{M\left(CuCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,2}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
a: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.25\cdot2=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10.2}{27\cdot2+16\cdot3}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,1 0,5
Vì 0,1/1<0,5/3
nên Al2O3 hết, H2SO4 dư
=>Tính theo Al2O3
b:
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,1 0,3 0,1
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=0.3\cdot98=29.4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{muối}=0.1\left(54+3\cdot96\right)=34.2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4(mol)\\ CuO+2HCl\to CuCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,8(mol);n_{CuCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,4(mol)\\ a,m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{20\%}=146(g)\\ b,m_{CuCl_2}=0,4.135=54(g)\\ c,C\%_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{54}{32+146-0,4.2}.100\%=30,47\%\)
\(CuO + 2HCl \rightarrow CuCl_2 + H_2O\)
\(n_{CuO}= \dfrac{32}{80}= 0,4 mol\)
Theo PTHH:
\(n_{HCl}= 2n_{CuO}= 0,8 mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}= 0,8 . 36,5=29,2 g\)
\(\rightarrow m_{dd HCl}= \dfrac{29,2 . 100%}{20%}= 146 g\)
b) Muối tạo thành là CuCl2
Theo PTHH:
\(n_{CuCl_2}= n_{CuO}= 0,4 mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuCl_2}= 0,4 . 135= 54g\)
c)
\(m_{dd sau pư}= m_{CuO} + m_{dd HCl}= 32 + 146=178 g\)
C%= \(\dfrac{54}{178} . 100\)%= 30,337 %
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