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\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{3,2}{80}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.20\%}{98}=0,204\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(CuO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CuSO_4+H_2O\)
0,04 0,04 0,04
\(\dfrac{0,04}{1}< \dfrac{0,204}{1}\) --> H2SO4 dư
\(C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,04.160}{3,2+100}.100\%=6,2\%\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2.98}{3,2+100}.100\%=19\%\)
a)mH2SO4=\(\dfrac{200.7,3\text{%}}{100\%}\)=14,6g
nHCl=\(\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}\)=0,4(mol)
PTHH:
NaOH+ HCl→ NaCl+ H2O
1 1 1 1
0,4 0,4 0,4 (mol)
⇒mNaOH=0,4.40=16(g)
Nồng độ % của dd NaOH cần dùng là:
C%NaOH=\(\dfrac{16}{200}\) .100%=8%
b)Ta có:mdd spứ=mdd trc pứ=400g
mNaCl=0,4.58,5=23,4g
Nồng độ % dd muối tạo thành sau pứ là:
C%dd NaCl=\(\dfrac{23,4}{400}\) .100%=5,85%
ncuo= 1,6/80=0,02
nh2so4=(100*20)/( 98*100)= 0,2> 0,02-> cuo pư hết, h2so4 dư
cuo+ h2so4-> cuso4+h2o
0,02-> 0,02 0,02
mdd sau pư= 1,6+ 100= 101,6
c%h2so4 dư= (0,2-0,02)*98/101,6*100= 17,36%
c%cuso4= 0,02*160/101,6*100= 3,15%
nCuO= \(\frac{1,6}{80}\) = 0,02 (mol)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}\) = \(\frac{100.20\%}{98}\) =0,2041(mol)
CuO + H2SO4 \(\rightarrow\) CuSO4 + H2O
bđ 0,02 \(\frac{10}{49}\) (mol)
pư 0,02 \(\rightarrow\) 0,02 \(\rightarrow\) 0,02 (mol)
spư 0 0,1841 0,02 (mol)
md d (sau pư) = 100 + 1,6 = 101,6 (g)
C%(CuSO4) = \(\frac{0,02.160}{101,6}\) . 100% = 3,15%
C%(H2SO4)= \(\frac{0,1841.98}{101,6}\) . 100% = 17,76%
Ta có: \(m_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=100.17,1\%=17,1\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{17,1}{171}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=150.9,8\%=14,7\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,7}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_{4\downarrow}+2H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{BaSO_4}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,15-0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 100 + 150 - 0,1.233 = 226,7 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,05.98}{226,7}.100\%\approx2,16\%\)
Bài 1:
a, Hiện tượng: Có khí mùi hắc thoát ra.
b, Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=100.24,5\%=24,5\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{24,5}{98}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Na_2SO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+SO_2+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2SO_3}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_3}=\dfrac{0,25.126}{200}.100\%=15,75\%\)
c, Theo PT: \(n_{SO_2}=n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ m dd sau pư = 200 + 100 - 0,25.64 = 284 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.142}{284}.100\%=12,5\%\)
Bài 2:
a, Hiện tượng: Xuất hiện kết tủa trắng.
PT: \(BaCl_2+MgSO_4\rightarrow MgCl_2+BaSO_{4\downarrow}\)
b, Ta có: \(m_{BaCl_2}=200.20,8\%=41,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{41,6}{208}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{BaSO_4}=n_{MgSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.120}{12\%}=200\left(g\right)\)
c, Ta có: m dd sau pư = 200 + 200 - 0,2.233 = 353,4 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.95}{353,4}.100\%\approx5,38\%\)
PTHH:\(Na_2SO_3+CaCl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+CaSO_3\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2SO_3}=\dfrac{265\cdot10\%}{126}=\dfrac{53}{252}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{500\cdot6,66\%}{111}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỷ số: \(\dfrac{53}{252}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) CaCl2 còn dư, Na2SO3 phản ứng hết
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=\dfrac{53}{126}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaSO_3}=\dfrac{53}{252}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCl_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{113}{1260}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=\dfrac{53}{126}\cdot58,5\approx24,61\left(g\right)\\m_{CaSO_3}=\dfrac{53}{252}\cdot120\approx25,24\left(g\right)\\m_{CaCl_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{113}{1260}\cdot111\approx9,95\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddNa_2SO_3}+m_{ddCaCl_2}-m_{CaSO_3}=739,76\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{24,61}{739,76}\cdot100\%\approx3,33\%\\C\%_{CaCl_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{9,95}{739,76}\cdot100\%\approx1,35\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{4}{40}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: MgO + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2.
Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{MgCl_2}=0,1.95=9,5\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(m_{dd_{MgCl_2}}=4+100=104\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C_{\%_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{9,5}{104}.100\%=9,13\%\)