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Giả sử điều cần c/m là đúng . Khi đó , ta có :
\(\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2a^2+y^2a^2+z^2a^2+x^2b^2+y^2b^2+z^2b^2+x^2c^2+y^2c^2+z^2c^2\)
\(=x^2a^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2axby+2bycz+2axcz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2a^2+z^2a^2+x^2b^2+z^2b^2+x^2c^2+y^2c^2=2axby+2bycz+2axcz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2a^2+z^2a^2+x^2b^2+z^2b^2+x^2c^2+y^2c^2-2axby-2bycz-2axcz=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(y^2a^2-2axby+b^2x^2\right)+\left(b^2z^2-2bycz+c^2y^2\right)+\left(x^2c^2-2axcz+a^2z^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(cx-az\right)^2=0\left(1\right)\)
Do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\\\left(bz-cy\right)^2\ge0\\\left(cx-az\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(cx-az\right)^2\ge0\left(2\right)\)
Từ ( 1 ) ; ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay-bx=0\\bz-cy=0\\cx-az=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay=bx\\bz=cy\\cx=az\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\\\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\\\dfrac{c}{z}=\dfrac{a}{x}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\)
Điều này đúng với GT đề bài cho
\(\Rightarrow\) Điều cần c/m là đúng
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
hơi dài bạn ạ bđt trên đúng theo bunhia vì dấu "=" đúng với điều kiện rồi
Đặt \(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}=\frac{1}{k}\Rightarrow x=ak;y=bk;y=ck\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}=\frac{a^2k^2+b^2k^2+c^2k^2}{\left(a^2k+b^2k+c^2k\right)^2}=\frac{k^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{k^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Mạo phép sửa đề!CMR: \(\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}=\frac{3}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{ax}=\frac{y^2}{by}=\frac{z^2}{cz}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{ax+by+cz}\) (t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{\left(ax\right)^2}=\frac{y^2}{\left(by\right)^2}=\frac{z^2}{\left(cz\right)^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}\) (1)
Lại có: \(\frac{x^2}{\left(ax\right)^2}=\frac{y^2}{\left(by\right)^2}=\frac{z^2}{\left(cz\right)^2}=\) \(\frac{x^2}{a^2x^2}=\frac{y^2}{b^2y^2}=\frac{z^2}{c^2z^2}=\frac{1}{a^2}=\frac{1}{b^2}=\frac{1}{c^2}=\frac{3}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
1) Đặt \(B=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(C=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
Suy ra: \(C=2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+x^2+y^2+z^2=3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{B}{C}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
2) \(x^2-2y^2=xy\Leftrightarrow x^2-xy-2y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+xy-2xy-2y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+y\right)-2y\left(x+y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+y\right)=0\)
Do \(x+y\ne0\) nên \(x-2y=0\Leftrightarrow x=2y\)
Do đó: \(A=\dfrac{2y-y}{2y+y}=\dfrac{y}{3y}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Bài 1:
Vì $x+y+z=1$ nên:
\(Q=\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{x(x+y+z)+yz}}+\frac{y}{y+\sqrt{y(x+y+z)+xz}}+\frac{z}{z+\sqrt{z(x+y+z)+xy}}\)
\(Q=\frac{x}{x+\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{y}{y+\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{z}{z+\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}=\sqrt{(x+y)(z+x)}\geq \sqrt{(\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy})^2}=\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{x}{x+\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}\leq \frac{x}{x+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}}=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế suy ra:
\(Q\leq \frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+ \frac{\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+ \frac{\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Vậy $Q$ max bằng $1$
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
Bài 2:
Vì $x+y+z=1$ nên:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{1-x^2}{x(x+y+z)+yz}+\frac{1-y^2}{y(x+y+z)+xz}+\frac{1-z^2}{z(x+y+z)+xy}\)
\(\text{VT}=\frac{(x+y+z)^2-x^2}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{(x+y+z)^2-y^2}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{(x+y+z)^2-z^2}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
\(\text{VT}=\frac{(y+z)[(x+y)+(x+z)]}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{(x+z)[(y+z)+(y+x)]}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{(x+y)[(z+x)+(z+y)]}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}\geq \frac{2(y+z)\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}{(x+y)(x+z)}+\frac{2(x+z)\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}{(y+z)(y+x)}+\frac{2(x+y)\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}{(z+x)(z+y)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \text{VT}\geq 2\underbrace{\left(\frac{y+z}{\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{x+z}{\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\right)}_{M}\)
Tiếp tục AM-GM cho 3 số trong ngoặc lớn, suy ra \(M\geq 3\)
Do đó: \(\text{VT}\geq 2.3=6\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $3x=3y=3z=1$
Lời giải:
\(\frac{(ax+by+cz)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow (ax+by+cz)^2=(a^2+b^2+c^2)(x^2+y^2+z^2)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2axby+2bycz+2axcz=a^2x^2+a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2+c^2z^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2axby+2bycz+2axcz=a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2y^2+b^2x^2-2axby)+(a^2z^2+c^2x^2-2axcz)+(b^2z^2+c^2y^2-2bycz)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (ay-bx)^2+(az-cx)^2+(bz-cy)^2=0\)
Vì bản thân mỗi số hạng đều không âm nên để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì:
\((ay-bx)^2=(az-cx)^2=(bz-cy)^2=0\Rightarrow ay=bx; az=cx; bz=cy\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\)
Ta có đpcm.
Ta có : \(\dfrac{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2axby+2axcz+2bycz=a^2x^2+b^2x^2+c^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2y^2+c^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2z^2+c^2z^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2axby+2axvz+2bycz=a^2y^2+b^2x^2+a^2z^2+c^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2+b^2x^2+a^2z^2+c^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2y^2-2axby-2azcx-2bycz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2y^2-2axby+b^2x^2\right)+\left(a^2z^2-2azcx+c^2x^2\right)+\left(b^2z^2-2bycz+c^2y^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2=0\)
Do \(\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0;\left(az-cx\right)^2\ge0;\left(bz-cy\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay-bx=0\\az-cx=0\\bz-cy=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay=bx\\az=cx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\\\dfrac{c}{z}=\dfrac{a}{x}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\left(đpcm\right)\)
:D