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Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{1}{a+b}\frac{1}{b+c}}=2\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\frac{4}{a+2b+c}\)
Tương tự có: \(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\ge\frac{4}{a+2c+b}\)
\(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\ge\frac{4}{b+2a+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{b+2a+c}+\frac{1}{a+2b+c}+\frac{1}{b+2c+a}\right)\)
Ta CM: \(\frac{1}{b+2a+c}\ge\frac{6}{a^2+63}\). Thật vậy:
\(\frac{1}{b+2a+c}\ge\frac{6}{a^2+63}\)\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+63\ge6b+12a+6c\)\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+b^2+c^2+36-6b-12a-6c\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a-3\right)^2+\left(b-3\right)^2+\left(c-3\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)
Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> a=b=c=3
Vậy \(\frac{1}{b+2a+c}+\frac{1}{a+2b+c}+\frac{1}{b+2c+a}\ge\frac{6}{a^2+63}+\frac{6}{b^2+63}+\frac{6}{c^2+63}\)
=> đpcm
Từ bất đẳng thức Cô si ta có:
\(4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\le\left[\frac{ab+bc+ca}{ca}+ca\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\right]^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\)Ta cần chứng minh:
\(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{ca}+ca\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\le\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\)
Vì vai trò của a, b, c trong bất đẳng thức như nhau, nên không mất tính tổng quát ta giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)nên bất đẳng thức cuối cùng đùng. Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh.
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$4abc+4abc+\frac{1}{8a^2}+\frac{1}{8b^2}+\frac{1}{8c^2}\geq 5\sqrt[5]{\frac{1}{32}}=\frac{5}{2}(1)$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy_Schwarz:
$\frac{7}{8}\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\geq \frac{7}{8}.\frac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\geq \frac{7}{8}.\frac{9}{\frac{3}{4}}=\frac{21}{2}(2)$
Từ $(1);(2)\Rightarrow P\geq 13$
Vậy $P_{\min}=13$ khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{2}$
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\frac{2}{a^2+b^2+2}\le\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow\sum\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có: \(\sum\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+2}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh \(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\sqrt{\left(b^2+c^2\right)\left(c^2+a^2\right)}}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{9}{2}\) (1)
Mà \(\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge ac+b^2\)
\(\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge a^2+bc\) ; \(\sqrt{\left(b^2+c^2\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge ab+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sum\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\sum\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) đúng nên ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
1)ĐK:\(x\in\left[-3;\frac{6}{5}\right]\)
pt\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2-x+2\right)-3\left[\sqrt{6-5x}-\left(x-2\right)\right]+\left[3\sqrt{x+3}-\left(x+5\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x+2\right)\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{6-5x}+x-2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{x+3}+x+5}+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\)-x+2=0(do(...)>0)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)hoặc \(x=1\)(t/m)
ÁD BĐT Bunhiacopxki:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\frac{a}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\right]\ge\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)^2\)
Lại có:\(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)-3\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\right)-3\ge\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}-3=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2\)=\(\frac{9}{4}\)(đpcm)
Dấu''='' xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
ta có \(T=\frac{1}{2}\left(1-\frac{a^2}{2+a^2}+1-\frac{b^2}{2+b^2}+1-\frac{c^2}{2+c^2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left[3-\left(\frac{a^2}{2+a^2}+\frac{b^2}{2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{2+c^2}\right)\right]\)
ta chứng minh rằng \(\frac{a^2}{2+a^2}+\frac{b^2}{2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{2+c^2}\ge1\)khi đó ta sẽ có \(T\le1\)
thật vậy, áp dụng Bất Đẳng Thức Cauchy-Schwarz ta có \(\frac{a^2}{2+a^2}+\frac{b^2}{2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{2+c^2}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}\)
ta cần chứng minh rằng \(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge3\)
thật vậy, từ giả thiết ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le a+b+c\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\le abc\left(a+b+c\right)\left(1\right)\)
mà \(abc\left(a+b+c\right)\le\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{3}\)
từ (1) ta có \(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{3}\le\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{3}\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge3\left(đpcm\right)\)
vậy maxT=1 khi a=b=c=1
Để ý rằng \(a+b+c=1\) hay \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1\)nên ta cần biển đổi a,b,c xuất hiện các đại lượng \(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{c+2b}};\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a+2c}};\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{b+2a}}\)nên ta biển đổi như sau:
\(a+b+c=\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{c+2b}}\sqrt{a\left(c+2b\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a+2c}}\sqrt{b\left(a+2c\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{b+2a}}\sqrt{c\left(b+2a\right)}\)
Khi đó ta được:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left[\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{c+2b}}\sqrt{a\left(c+2b\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a+2c}}\sqrt{b\left(a+2c\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{b+2a}}\sqrt{c\left(b+2a\right)}\right]^2\)
Theo bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxiki ta được:
\(\left[\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{c+2b}}\sqrt{a\left(c+2b\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a+2c}}\sqrt{b\left(a+2c\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{b+2a}}\sqrt{c\left(b+2a\right)}\right]\)
\(\le\left(\frac{a}{c+2b}+\frac{b}{a+2c}+\frac{c}{b+2a}\right)\left[a\left(c+2b\right)b\left(a+2c\right)c\left(b+2a\right)\right]\)
Như vậy lúc này ta được:
\(\frac{a}{c+2b}+\frac{b}{a+2c}+\frac{c}{b+2a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Vậy bài toán đã được chứng minh.
1. Đề thiếu
2. BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Ta có:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}.3abc\left(a+b+c\right)\) (đpcm)
3.
Ta có:
\(\left(a^6+b^6+1\right)\left(1+1+1\right)\ge\left(a^3+b^3+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(a^3+b^3+1+b^3+c^3+1+c^3+a^3+1\right)\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Lại có:
\(a^3+b^3+1\ge3ab\) ; \(b^3+c^3+1\ge3bc\) ; \(c^3+a^3+1\ge3ca\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{6}{\sqrt{3}}=3\sqrt{3}\)
4.
Ta có:
\(a^3+1+1\ge3a\) ; \(b^3+1+1\ge3b\) ; \(c^3+1+1\ge3c\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+6\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)
5.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}}\) ; \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}\) ; \(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}}\le\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}=1\)
\(sigma\frac{a}{1+b-a}=sigma\frac{a^2}{a+ab-a^2}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{b^2+c^2}=\frac{1}{1-a^2}=1+\frac{a^2}{b^2+c^2}\le1+\frac{a^2}{2bc}\)
Tương tự cộng lại quy đồng ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)