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a)
\(\dfrac{P}{Q}=\dfrac{R}{S}\Rightarrow PS=QR\)
\(\Leftrightarrow PS+QS=QR+QS\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S\left(P+Q\right)=Q\left(R+S\right)\)
điều kiện Q,s khác 0 => chia hau vế cho QS
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{S\left(P+Q\right)}{QS}=\dfrac{Q\left(R+S\right)}{QS}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(P+Q\right)}{Q}=\dfrac{\left(R+S\right)}{S}\) đpcm
a) \(\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)P}{x-2}=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)Q}{x^2-4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x+2\right)P=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)Q\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x+2\right)^2\left(x-2\right)P=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)Q\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left(x+2\right)^2P=\left(x-1\right)Q\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=x-1\)
\(Q=\left(x+2\right)^2=x^2+4x+4\)
b)\(\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)P}{x^2-1}=\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)Q}{x^2-2x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+2\right)P=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)Q\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)P=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)Q\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)=x^2-x-2\)
\(Q=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)=x^2+x-2\)
\(a,\dfrac{x^2-2x}{x^2-4}=\dfrac{x\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{x}{x+2}\)
b) \(\dfrac{x^2+5x+4}{x^2-1}=\dfrac{x^2+x+4x+4}{x^2-1}=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+4\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{x+4}{x-1}\)
c) \(\dfrac{x^4+4}{x\left(x^2+2\right)-2x^2-\left(x-1\right)^2-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^4+4x^2-4x^2+4}{x^3+2x-2x^2-x^2+2x-1-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^2+2\right)^2-4x^2}{\left(x^3+2x-2x^2\right)-\left(x^2-2x+2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^2+2-2x\right)\left(x^2+2+2x\right)}{x\left(x^2+2-2x\right)-\left(x^2+2-2x\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+2+2x}{x-1}\)
Bài 2:
a) \(\left(\dfrac{2x+1}{2x-1}-\dfrac{2x-1}{2x+1}\right):\dfrac{4x}{10x-5}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(2x+1\right)^2-\left(2x-1\right)^2}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}.\dfrac{5\left(2x-1\right)}{4x}\)
\(=\dfrac{8x}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}.\dfrac{5\left(2x-1\right)}{4x}\)
\(=\dfrac{10}{2x+1}\)
b) \(\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+x}-\dfrac{2-x}{x+1}\right):\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+x-2\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1-2x+x^2}{x\left(x+1\right)}:\dfrac{1+x^2-2x}{x}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)
c) Trong ngoặc giữa hai phân số là dấu gì vậy ?
Bài 1:
a) \(\dfrac{15xy}{10x^2y}\)
= \(\dfrac{3.5xy}{2.5xyx}\)
= \(\dfrac{3}{2x}\)
d) \(\dfrac{6x\left(x+5\right)^3}{2x^2\left(x+5\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{3.2x\left(x+5\right)\left(x+5\right)^2}{x.2x\left(x+5\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{3\left(x+5\right)^2}{x}\)
Bài 2:
\(A=\dfrac{5x^3+5x}{x^4-1}=\dfrac{5x\left(x^2+1\right)}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}\)
.....= \(\dfrac{5x}{x^2-1}\)
\(B=\dfrac{x^2+5x+6}{x^2+6x+9}=\dfrac{x^2+2x+3x+6}{\left(x+3\right)^2}\)
.....= \(\dfrac{x\left(x+2\right)+3\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x+3\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)}{\left(x+3\right)^2}\)
.....= \(\dfrac{x+2}{x+3}\)
Câu 1:
B = \(\dfrac{32x-8x^2+2x^3}{x^3+64}\)
....= \(\dfrac{2x\left(x^2-4x+16\right)}{\left(x+4\right)\left(x^2-4x+16\right)}=\dfrac{2x}{x+4}\)
Bài 2:
a: \(A=\dfrac{x^2-2xy+y^2-x^2-2xy-y^2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)}\cdot\dfrac{x-y}{-4y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{-4xy}{x+y}\cdot\dfrac{1}{-4y^2}=\dfrac{x}{y\left(x+y\right)}\)
b: Để x=1/4y thì y=4x
Thay y=4x vào A, ta được:
\(A=\dfrac{x}{4x\left(x+4x\right)}=\dfrac{x}{4x\cdot5x}=\dfrac{1}{20x}\)
\(1.\)
\(a.\)
\(\dfrac{8}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{2}{x^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{2\left(x^2-1\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{1\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{2x^2-2}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}+\dfrac{x^3-x^2+3x-3}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{8+2x^2-2+x^3-x^2+3x-3}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^3+x^2+3x+3}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2\left(x+1\right)+3\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x^2+3\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}\)
\(=x-1\)
\(b.\)
\(\dfrac{x+y}{2\left(x-y\right)}-\dfrac{x-y}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{2y^2}{x^2-y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y}{2\left(x-y\right)}-\dfrac{x-y}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{2y^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}-\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+2xy+y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}-\dfrac{x^2-2xy+y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}+\dfrac{4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+2xy+y^2-x^2+2xy-y^2+4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4xy+4y^2}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4y\left(x+y\right)}{2\left(x^2-y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2y}{\left(x-y\right)}\)
Tương tự các câu còn lại
Bài 1.
a) Do hai phân thức bằng nhau , ta có :
( x +2)P( x2 - 22) = ( x - 1)Q( x -2)
=( x + 2)P( x - 2)( x + 2) = ( x - 1)Q( x - 2)
Suy ra : P = x - 1 ; Q = ( x + 2)2
b) Do hai phân thức bằng nhau , ta có :
( x + 2)P(x2 - 2x + 1) = ( x - 2)Q( x2 - 1)
= ( x + 2)P( x - 1)2 = ( x - 2)Q( x - 1)( x + 1)
Suy ra : P = ( x - 2)( x + 1) = x2 - x - 2
Q = ( x + 2)( x - 1) = x2 + x + 2
Bài 2. a) Do : \(\dfrac{P}{Q}=\dfrac{R}{S}=>PS=QR\)
Xét : ( P + Q)S= PS + QS = QR + QS = Q( R + S)
-> \(\dfrac{P+Q}{Q}=\dfrac{R+S}{S}\)
b) Do : \(\dfrac{P}{Q}=\dfrac{R}{S}=>PS=QR\)
Xét : ( S - R)P = PS - PR = QR - PR = R( Q - P)
-> \(\dfrac{R-S}{R}=\dfrac{Q-P}{P}\)
- > \(\dfrac{R}{R-S}=\dfrac{P}{Q-P}\)