Tính bằng cách hợp lí
a)\(\frac{1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}}{1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}}:\frac{13+\frac{13}{2}+\frac{13}{3}+\frac{13}{4}}{17-\frac{17}{2}+\frac{17}{3}-\frac{17}{4}}\)
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a: \(\dfrac{1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}}{1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}}:\dfrac{13+\dfrac{13}{2}+\dfrac{13}{3}+\dfrac{13}{4}}{17-\dfrac{17}{2}+\dfrac{17}{3}-\dfrac{17}{4}}\)
\(=\dfrac{1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}}{1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}}\cdot\dfrac{17\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)}{13\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)}=\dfrac{17}{13}\)
b: \(\dfrac{0.125-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{7}}{0.375-\dfrac{3}{5}+\dfrac{3}{7}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-0.2}{\dfrac{3}{4}+0.5-\dfrac{3}{10}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{7}}{\dfrac{3}{8}-\dfrac{3}{5}+\dfrac{3}{7}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}}{\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{3}{6}-\dfrac{3}{10}}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{2}{3}=1\)
\(\left(\frac{\frac{17}{24}.9\frac{1}{2}-3\frac{1}{4}.\frac{17}{24}}{3\frac{1}{2}.2\frac{13}{36}+2\frac{13}{36}.2\frac{3}{4}}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{-2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{\frac{17}{24}.\left(9\frac{1}{2}-3\frac{1}{4}\right)}{2\frac{13}{36}.\left(3\frac{1}{2}+2\frac{3}{4}\right)}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{-2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{\frac{17}{24}.\left(\frac{19}{2}-\frac{13}{4}\right)}{\frac{85}{36}.\left(\frac{7}{2}+\frac{11}{4}\right)}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{-2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{\frac{17}{24}.\frac{19.2-13}{4}}{\frac{85}{36}.\frac{7.2+11}{4}}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{-2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{\frac{17}{24}.\frac{25}{4}}{\frac{85}{36}.\frac{25}{4}}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{-2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{17}{24}:\frac{85}{36}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{-2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{17}{24}.\frac{36}{85}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{-2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{3}{10}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{-2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{3-5}{10}\right)^{-2}\)
\(=\left(\frac{-1}{5}\right)^{-2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\left(-\frac{1}{5}\right)^2}=\frac{1}{\frac{\left(-1\right)^2}{5^2}}=\frac{1}{\frac{1}{25}}=25\)
b) \(\frac{\frac{-6}{5}+\frac{6}{19}-\frac{6}{23}}{\frac{9}{5}-\frac{9}{19}+\frac{9}{23}}=\frac{\left(-6\right).\left(\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{23}\right)}{9.\left(\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{23}\right)}=\frac{-6}{9}=\frac{-2}{3}\)
d) \(\frac{\frac{2}{3}-\frac{2}{5}-\frac{2}{7}+\frac{2}{11}}{\frac{13}{3}-\frac{13}{5}-\frac{13}{7}+\frac{13}{11}}=\frac{2\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{11}\right)}{13\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{11}\right)}=\frac{2}{13}\)
Làm tiếp:
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+.....+\frac{1}{2017}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+....+\frac{1}{1008}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{1009}+\frac{1}{1010}+.........+\frac{1}{2017}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\frac{1}{1009}+....+\frac{1}{2017}}{1-\frac{1}{2}+.....+\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}}=1\)
Bài 2:
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+.......+\frac{1}{2^{800}}\)
\(4A=1+\frac{1}{2^2}+.....+\frac{1}{2^{798}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4A-A=1-\frac{1}{2^{800}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3A=1-\frac{1}{2^{800}}< 1\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^4}+........+\frac{1}{2^{800}}< \frac{1}{3}\)
Bài 1:Tính
a, Xét biểu thức \(\frac{\left(1+\frac{n}{1}\right)\left(1+\frac{n}{2}\right).........\left(1+\frac{n}{n+2}\right)}{\left(1+\frac{n+2}{1}\right)\left(1+\frac{n+2}{2}\right)..........\left(1+\frac{n+2}{n}\right)}\) với\(n\in N\)
Ta có:\(\frac{\left(1+\frac{n}{1}\right)\left(1+\frac{n}{2}\right).......\left(1+\frac{n}{n+2}\right)}{\left(1+\frac{n+2}{1}\right)\left(1+\frac{n+2}{2}\right)......\left(1+\frac{n+2}{n}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{n+1}{1}.\frac{n+2}{2}........\frac{2n+2}{n+2}}{\frac{n+3}{1}.\frac{n+4}{2}.........\frac{2n+2}{n}}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right).......\left(2n+2\right)}{1.2.3.........\left(n+2\right)}}{\frac{\left(n+3\right)\left(n+4\right)........\left(2n+2\right)}{1.2.3.........n}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right).......\left(2n+2\right).1.2.3.......n}{\left(n+3\right)\left(n+4\right)........\left(2n+2\right).1.2.3......\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=1\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán ta có đáp số là:1
b, \(\frac{\frac{-6}{5}+\frac{6}{19}-\frac{6}{23}}{\frac{9}{5}-\frac{9}{19}+\frac{9}{23}}=\frac{\left(-6\right).\left(\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{23}\right)}{9.\left(\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{23}\right)}=\frac{-6}{9}=-\frac{2}{3}\)
c,\(\frac{\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{39}+\frac{1}{51}}{\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{52}+\frac{1}{68}}=\frac{\frac{1}{3}.\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{17}\right)}{\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{17}\right)}=\frac{\frac{1}{3}}{\frac{1}{4}}=12\)
d,\(\frac{\frac{2}{3}-\frac{2}{5}-\frac{2}{7}}{\frac{13}{3}-\frac{13}{5}-\frac{13}{7}}=\frac{2\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{7}\right)}{13\left(\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{7}\right)}=\frac{2}{13}\)
e,Xét mẫu số ta có:
\(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+..........+\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{2}-2.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}-2.\frac{1}{4}+.....+\frac{1}{2015}+\frac{1}{2016}-2.\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+.......+\frac{1}{2017}\right)-2.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+.........+\frac{1}{2016}\right)\)