a,b,c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn a+b+c=1. CMR: \(\dfrac{10a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{10b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{10c}{1+c^2}< =9\)
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Mẫu số to quá nên ko nghĩ ra cách giải đẹp mắt:
Dự đoán dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(a=b=c=1\), ta cần c/m: \(A\le\dfrac{3}{16}\)
Do \(\sum\dfrac{a+1}{a^2+1+10a+20}\le\sum\dfrac{a+1}{2a+10a+20}=\sum\dfrac{a+1}{12a+20}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh: \(\sum\dfrac{a+1}{3a+5}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(\dfrac{3a+3}{3a+5}-1\right)\le\dfrac{9}{4}-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{1}{3a+5}\ge\dfrac{3}{8}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+10\left(a+b+c\right)+25}{\left(3a+5\right)\left(3b+5\right)\left(3c+5\right)}\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\) (quy đồng)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4\left(a+b+c\right)+3\left(ab+bc+ca+2\left(a+b+c\right)\right)+25}{27abc+45\left(ab+bc+ca+2\left(a+b+c\right)\right)-15\left(a+b+c\right)+125}\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4\left(a+b+c\right)+52}{27abc-15\left(a+b+c\right)+530}\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow47\left(a+b+c\right)\ge27abc+114\)
Điều này đúng do:
\(9=2\left(a+b+c\right)+ab+bc+ca\le2\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c-3\right)\left(a+b+c+9\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\)
Và: \(9=a+b+c+a+b+c+ab+bc+ca\ge9\sqrt[9]{a^4b^4c^4}\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}47\left(a+b+c\right)\ge141\\27abc+114\le27+114=141\end{matrix}\right.\) (đpcm)
Lời giải:
$\text{VT}=\frac{a(a+b+c)+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b(a+b+c)+ac}{a+c}+\frac{c(a+b+c)+ab}{a+b}$
$=\frac{(a+b)(a+c)}{b+c}+\frac{(b+a)(b+c)}{a+c}+\frac{(c+a)(c+b)}{a+b}$
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$\frac{(a+b)(a+c)}{b+c}+\frac{(b+a)(b+c)}{a+c}\geq 2\sqrt{(a+b)^2}=2(a+b)$
$\frac{(b+c)(b+a)}{a+c}+\frac{(c+a)(c+b)}{a+b}\geq 2\sqrt{(b+c)^2}=2(b+c)$
$\frac{(a+b)(a+c)}{b+c}+\frac{(c+a)(c+b)}{a+b}\geq 2\sqrt{(c+a)^2}=2(a+c)$
Cộng các BĐT trên theo vế và thu gọn:
$\text{VT}\geq 2(a+b+c)=2$
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(a^2+b^2+1)(1+1+c^2)\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a^2+b^2+1}\leq \frac{c^2+2}{(a+b+c)^2}$
Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế:
$\text{VT}\leq \frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}{(a+b+c)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ac)}\leq \frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+6}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2.3}=1$
Ta có đpcm.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
\(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+2}+\frac{1}{c^2+b^2+2}+\frac{1}{a^2+c^2+2}\le\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2+2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2+2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{c^2+a^2+2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)^2}{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6}\)
\(\ge\frac{\sqrt{3\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)}+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
Cần chứng minh \(\frac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ca}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge0\) *luôn đúng*
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=1\)
BĐT trở thành: \(\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}+\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{x^2+z^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(x^2+z^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y+z\right)^2\ge\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+2z^2}}\le\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{xy}{x+z}+\dfrac{xy}{y+z}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{y^2+z^2+2x^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{yz}{x+z}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{z^2+x^2+2y^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx}{x+y}+\dfrac{zx}{y+z}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{zx+yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{xy+zx}{y+z}+\dfrac{yz+xy}{z+x}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\) hay \(a=b=c\)
Sửa \(\le\) thành \(\ge\) nha bạn
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=abc\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{a^2}{a+bc}=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+abc}=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
Tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b^2}{b+ca}=\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\\\dfrac{c^2}{c+ba}=\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng BĐT cosi:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}a\)
\(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}b\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^3}{64}}=\dfrac{3}{4}c\)
Cộng VTV:
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\dfrac{a+b}{8}+\dfrac{a+c}{8}+\dfrac{b+c}{8}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}-\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{8}\\ \Leftrightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=3\)
Với x dương, ta có đánh giá:
\(\dfrac{x}{1+x^2}\le\dfrac{36x+3}{50}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương:
\(\left(x^2+1\right)\left(36x+3\right)\ge50x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow36x^3+3x^2-14x+3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-1\right)^2\left(4x+3\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{10a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{10b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{10c}{1+c^2}\le10.\dfrac{36\left(a+b+c\right)+9}{50}=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)