Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
aquatic radioactive contaminated poison pollutant dumped sewage untreated dead effects |
1. ________ or wastewater should be treated before it is discharged into the river or ocean.
2. More and more waste and________ are poured into the water, the soil and the air.
3. The________ material is stored in a special radiation-proof Container.
4. Oil spills can cause the death of________ animals such as fish.
5. ________sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources.
6. Cholera is transmitted through________ water
7. The health________ of air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and asthma.
8. Carbon dioxide is a dangerous air________.
9. Over 150,000 tonnes of waste are________ annually along the coastline.
10. Up to 100.000 fish were found________ along the river last week.
Exercise 2. Now match type of pollution and its definition.
1. air pollution | A. a result of using radioactive elements from atomic energy stations. |
2. water pollution | B. a consequence of the excess dumping of toxic waste. |
3. land pollution | C. a contamination of natural air with dangerous gases. |
4. sound pollution | D. a consequence of releasing excess heat from power plants, industries involved in metals molding, etc. |
5. radiation pollution | E. a consequence of the excessive and inappropriate use of artificial light. |
6. thermal pollution | F. a disturbance of silent environment with harsh loud noises. |
7. light pollution | G. a contamination of both drinking water from rivers, ponds and also sea water with large amounts of human and industrial wastes. |
Exercise 3. Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D).
1. The river water is severely polluted, mostly________ the dumping of raw sewage.
A. due to B. lead to C. because D. so
2. Sudden changes in water temperature can ________ mass killings of fish, plants, oramphibians.
A. come up B. result in C. dump into D. thank to
3. Water pollution________ the death of all forms of life in the water bodies.
A. occurs B. results of C. creates D. leads to
4. ________ plastic takes so long to break down, it pollutes the land and ocean.
A. Because B. Due to C. Even if D. Although
5. Many flights were cancelled ________ the smoke from forest fires.
A. so B. because C. because of D. result in
6. ________the garbage dump smells terrible, no one lives around there.
A. Because of B. As C. As a result of D. Even though
7. ________the grain consumption is rising, forests will be cut to provide more room for planting crops.
A. since B. Although C. unless D. Due to
8. Grace didn’t love nature, ________ she wasn’t happy when her group went camping in a jungle.
A. but B. and C. because D. so
9. Thousands of fish were killed ________ a discharge of poisonous Chemicals from a nearby factory.
A. because B. lead to C. result in D. as a result of
10. ________the fog, there were no take-oils from the airport yesterday.
A. Since B. Because C. Owing to D. Thanks to
Exercise 4. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. (conditional type 1)
1.If we (recycle) ________ more, we will help the Earth.
2. Factories (not dump) ______________waste into rivers if the government fine them heavily.
3. If people travel to work by bus, there (be) ______________fewer car fumes.
4. We (save) ________________thousands of trees if we don’t waste paper.
5. If we use water carefully, more people (have) ______________fresh water.
6. If the factory ( continue) ________________ dumping poison into the lake, all the fish and other aquatic animals will die.
7.If we recycle more, we (help) ________________ the Earth.
8. If people (travel)________________to work by bus, there will be fewer car fumes.
9. We save thousands of trees if we (not waste)_______________don’t waste paper.
10. Factories don’t dump waste into rivers if the government (fine) _______________ them heavily.
Exercise 5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.(conditional type 2)
1. If I were you, I (look) ________________ for a new place to live.
2. If Lan wasn’t ill, she ( join) ________________ out tree planting activity.
3.If there were fewer cars on the road, there (be) ________________ less pollution.
4.If people really cared about the environment, they ( not dump ) ________________ waste into the lake.
5.If there was no fresh water in the world, what (happen) ________________.
6.If you (be) ________________ the president, what would you do to help the environment ?
7.They get sick so often.If they exercised more, they (be) ________________ heathier.
8.If I (have) ________________ one million US dollars , I would build more parks in our city.
9.Quan’s mother is unhappy.If Quan tided his room every day, his mother (not be) __________so upset.
10.There isn’t a garden at house .If there were, we (grow) ________________ vegetables.
Exercise 6. Put the verbs in brackets: Conditional sentence type I or type II. (1)
1. If you come with me, I (do) ............................ the shopping with you.
2. Jimmy (help) ............................ his mother in the garden if she reads him a story this evening.
3. If it (ran) ............................, I will stay at home.
4. Our teacher will be happy if we (learn) ............................ the poem by heart.
5. If they had enough money, they (buy) ............................ a new car.
6. We (pass) ............................ the exam if we studied harder.
7. If Pat (repair) ............................ his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us.
8. She would get 100 pounds if she (sell) ............................ this old shelf.
9. If I were you, I (invite) ............................ Jack to the party.
10. If the weather (be) ............................ fine, the children can walk to school.
11. If Tracy had a mobile phone, she (phone) ............................ all her friends.
12. I will be very angry with Nick if he (forget) ............................ my CD again.
13. If the boys win this match, their coach (invite) ............................ them to a barbecue.
14. If you (not/ read) ............................ these articles, you will not know the facts about Africa.
15. You (get) ............................ very wet if you walked in this rain.
16. The engine (not/ start) ............................ if Ben connected these two cables.
17. If he (have) ............................ time, he will buy her some sweets.
18. Maria would play in the school orchestra if she (practice) ............................ the trumpet more often.
19. We (not/ fetch) ............................ something to drink if Jim does not bring some sandwiches.
20. If he (carry) ............................ the rucksack, I would pull the suitcase.
Exercise 7. Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting.
1. What will happen if the Earth stoppedmoving?
A B C D
2. One of the things all of us can do to protect and improve our environment is recycle.
A B C D
3. Humans caneven die if they will drinkcontaminated water.
A B C D
4. Long-term exposure to loud noise resultspermanent hearing loss.
A B C D
5. They believe that water pollution is the large causeof death and disease in the world.
A B C D
6. Is the recycling process in itself damagingfor the environment?
A B C D
7. We won’t save the environment if we stop using so much energy.
A B C D
8. One in six species is at risk of extinctionbecause climate change.
A B C D
9. The amount of waste decreased if people started to buy reusable packages.
A B C D
10. Contaminated water can cause of many types of diarrheal diseases, including cholera.
A B C D
Exercise 8. Read the passage.
There are three main (1) ……………… of pollution: air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. Air, which is the most important element of our environment for our (2) ……………………, can be polluted in many ways. Smoke in the air from mills, factories and industry (3) …………………… carbon, monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane, which are all poisonous gases. This leads (4) …………………… health problems like asthma and lung diseases, and the thinning of the ozone layer, which (5) …………………… us from harmful UV ray. China, the USA, Russia, India, Mexico and Japan are the world leaders in air pollution (6) …………………… Water is also polluted by the discharge of commercial and industrial waste. Sewage in drinking water is another (7) …………………… of water pollution as it contains germs and viruses. The noise of vehicles, mills, and factories can be really unbearable. This kind of constant sound also (8) ……………… headaches, tension, (9) ……..………… stress and migraines. People living next to a building site where there is too much noise can become sick, as they can not sleep or relax. This is (10) …………………… noise pollution.
Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D).
1. A. types B. kinds C. models D. both A & B
2. A. survival B. survive C. surviving D. survived
3. A. includes B. include C. contains D. contain
4. A. in B. into C. to D. from
5. A. prevents B. protects C. avoids D. hides
6. A. emissions B. emitted C. emission D. emitting
7. A. effect B. cause C. result D. consequence
8. A. causes B. leads to C. results in D. all are correct
9. A. brain B. mind C. head D. mental
Exercise 9.Read the passage and answer the questions.
Visual pollution has a greater effect on people than you may think. I remember when I went to a big city, I was really scared because so much graffiti on the buildings' wall. Then I looked up, and I saw a lot of power lines over my head. Although they were not dangerous, I still felt unsafe since I thought they might fall down. These things prevented me from enjoying the beautiful sights of the city.I also remember the time when I was a student at a university. Once I was so busy with my assignments that I did not tidy my room for two weeks. Looking at the messy room caused me so much stress that I did not want to study. Then I decided to clean the room and put my thing in their proper places. I also bought a small plants and placed it in a corner of the room. These simple actions increased my motivation and helped me to focus on my learning.
Questions.
1.How did the author feel when she saw the power lines?
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2.Why did she have that feeling?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What was she busy with?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What happened when she looked the messy room?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. What did she do for her room?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 10.Combine each pair of sentences to make a conditional sentence type 1.
1.Students are more aware of protecting the environment. Teachers teach environmental issues at school.
®If …………………………………………………………………………………………………
2.Light pollution happens. Animals change their behaviour patterns.
®If ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3.The levels of radioactive polluion decrease.We switch from nuclear power to renewable energy sources.
®If …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4.The water temperature increases.Some aquatic creatures are unable to reproduces.
®If…………………………………………………………………………………….....................
5.People get more diseases.The water is contaminated.
®If …………………………………………………………………………………………………
Exercise 11.Write a conditional sentence type 2 for each situation, as in the example.
Viết loại câu điều kiện loại 2 cho mỗi tình huống , như trong ví dụ.
1.People throw rubbish in the street.The street doesn’t look attractive.
®If people didn’t throw rubbish in the street, it would look attractive.
2.There are so many billboards in our city. People can not enjoy the view.
®If ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3.There is so much light in the cityat night.We can not see the stars clearly.
®If …………………………………………………………………………………………………
4.We turn on the heater all the time. We have to pay three million dong for electricity a month.
®If …………………………………………………………………………………………………
5.The karaoke bar makes so much noise almost every night. The residents complain to its owner.
®If …………………………………………………………………………………………………
6.She has a headache after work every day.She works in a noisy office.
®If ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Exercise 12: Rewrite the following sentences starting with if.
1. He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.
If .....................................................................................................................................
2. She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.
If .....................................................................................................................................
3. He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car.
If .....................................................................................................................................
4. He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
If .....................................................................................................................................
5. She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party.
If .....................................................................................................................................
6. He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy.
If .....................................................................................................................................
7. Study hard or you won’t pass the exam.
If .....................................................................................................................................
8. Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes.
If .....................................................................................................................................
9. I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now.
If .....................................................................................................................................
10. I don’t buy that book because I don’t have enough money.
If .....................................................................................................................................
1. 'What type of computer have you got?' 'It's an all-in-one display.'
('Bạn có loại máy tính nào?' 'Đó là màn hình đa năng.')
2. The battery life on my laptop isn't great so I have to keep recharging it.
(Thời lượng pin trên máy tính xách tay của tôi không được tốt nên tôi phải sạc lại liên tục.)
3. I'll copy lots of songs onto a flash drive so you can load them onto your computer.
(Tôi sẽ sao chép rất nhiều bài hát vào ổ đĩa flash để bạn có thể tải chúng vào máy tính của mình.)
4. You can stop most unwanted emails if you install a spam filter.
(Bạn có thể chặn hầu hết các email không mong muốn nếu cài đặt bộ lọc thư rác.)
5. You use a search engine by entering a keyword in the box and pressing enter.
(Bạn sử dụng công cụ tìm kiếm bằng cách nhập từ khóa vào ô và nhấn enter.)
6. You need a really good graphics card in your computer if you want to play games with fast-moving and detailed images.
(Bạn cần có một card đồ họa thực sự tốt trong máy tính của mình nếu muốn chơi những trò chơi có chuyển động nhanh và hình ảnh chi tiết.)
7. Anti-virus protection helps to protect the data on your computer from hackers.
(Bảo vệ chống vi-rút giúp bảo vệ dữ liệu trên máy tính của bạn khỏi tin tặc.)
8. Occasionally a Trojan horse is attached to something you download from the internet. This might allow someone to gain access to your computer.
(Đôi khi, phần mềm Troia được gắn vào thứ bạn tải xuống từ internet. Điều này có thể cho phép ai đó có quyền truy cập vào máy tính của bạn.)