Tìm Giá Trí Nhỏ Nhất Của Biểu Thức
A=(x+5)^2+17
B=(x+5)+10
C=(x-2)-15
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Bài 1:
a: \(M=x^2-10x+3\)
\(=x^2-10x+25-22\)
\(=\left(x^2-10x+25\right)-22\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)^2-22>=-22\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-5=0
=>x=5
b: \(N=x^2-x+2\)
\(=x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{4}>=\dfrac{7}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1/2=0
=>x=1/2
c: \(P=3x^2-12x\)
\(=3\left(x^2-4x\right)\)
\(=3\left(x^2-4x+4-4\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-2\right)^2-12>=-12\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-2=0
=>x=2
Lời giải:
$|x-2|\geq 0$ với mọi $x\in\mathbb{R}$ (tính chất trị tuyệt đối)
$\Rightarrow A=|x-2|+5\geq 5$
Vậy $A_{\min}=5$ khi $x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2$
\(a,=x^2-8x+16+1=\left(x-4\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=4\)
\(b,=\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+4=\left(2x-3\right)^2+4\ge4\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(c,=\left(9x^2-2\cdot3\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}x+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)+\dfrac{26}{9}=\left(3x-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{26}{9}\ge\dfrac{26}{9}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow3x=\dfrac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{9}\)
Ta có: \(A=\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(11-x\right)^2\)
\(=x^2-6x+9+x^2-22x+121\)
\(=2x^2-28x+130\)
\(=2\left(x^2-14x+49+16\right)\)
\(=2\left(x-7\right)^2+32\ge32\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=7
Bài 3:
a) Ta có: \(A=25x^2-20x+7\)
\(=\left(5x\right)^2-2\cdot5x\cdot2+4+3\)
\(=\left(5x-2\right)^2+3>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
d) Ta có: \(D=x^2-2x+2\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+1>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
Bài 1:
a) Ta có: \(A=x^2-2x+5\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+4\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
b) Ta có: \(B=x^2-x+1\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a) Ta có: \(A=x^2-2x+5\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+4\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
b) Ta có: \(B=x^2-x+1\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c) Ta có: \(C=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x(x+5)=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) Ta có: \(x^2+5y^2-2xy+4y+3\)
\(=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(4y^2+4y+1\right)+2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(2y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(A=\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{4-x}\ge\sqrt{x-2+4-x}=\sqrt{2}\)
\(A_{min}=\sqrt{2}\) khi \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(y=4x^2+\dfrac{9}{x^2}-3\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{36x^2}{x^2}}-3=9\)
\(y_{min}=9\) khi \(x^2=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x-1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{x-1}+\dfrac{1}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x-1}{4\left(x-1\right)}}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{5}{4}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{5}{4}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)