Cho 8,1 gam Al tác dụng vừa đủ với dung dịch HCl
1. Viết phương trình hóa học của phản ứng
2. Tính thể tích khí hidro (đktc) tạo thành
3. Tính khối lượng \(AlCl_3\) tạo thành
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1. \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
2. \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)
3. Ta có: \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{23,2}{232}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\underrightarrow{^{t^o}}3Fe+4H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{4}\), ta được Fe3O4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe_3O_4\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}n_{H_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe_3O_4\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05.232=11,6\left(g\right)\)
1. \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
2. \(n_{zn}=\dfrac{m_{Zn}}{M_{Zn}}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}.M_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
3. \(2H_2+Fe_3O_4\rightarrow3Fe+2H_2O\)
2 mol------1 mol------3 mol--2 mol
\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{m_{Fe_3O_4}}{M_{Fe_3O_4}}=\dfrac{23,2}{232}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\dfrac{n_{Fe_3O_4}}{1}=\dfrac{0,1}{1}\)
\(\dfrac{n_{H_2}}{2}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{n_{Fe_3O_4}}{1}=\dfrac{n_{H_2}}{2}\)
Vậy không có chất nào dư cả
1. \(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{^{t^o}}2P_2O_5\)
2. Ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{1,24}{31}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_P=0,02\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=0,02.142=2,84\left(g\right)\)
3. \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{4}n_P=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
\(a,PTHH:Zn+2HCl\to ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Phản ứng thế
\(b,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,3}{65}=0,02(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,02(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,02.136=2,72(g)\\ V_{H_2}=0,02.22,4=0,448(l)\)
a) Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
Phản ứng thế
b) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,3}{65}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
_____0,02------------>0,02-->0,02
=> mZnCl2 = 0,02.136 = 2,72(g)
=> VH2 = 0,02.22,4 = 0,448(l)
\(1,\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2,\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ 3,\\ m_{MgCl_2}=95.0,25=23,75\left(g\right)\\ 4,\\ H_2+CuO\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\\ n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(g\right)\\ m_{Cu}=0,25.64=16\left(g\right)\)
1. \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
2. \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{m_{HCl}}{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}\approx0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,5=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=n_{H_2}.22,4=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
3. Theo PTHH: \(n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{MgCl_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{MgCl_2}=n_{MgCl_2}.M_{MgCl_2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\)
4. \(H_2+CuO\rightarrow Cu+H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=n_{Cu}.M_{Cu}=0,25.64=16\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\a, 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ b,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{6}.0,6=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{6}.0,6=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ d,V_{ddAlCl_3}=V_{ddHCl}=0,3\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,3}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{16,25}{65}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\)
tỉ lệ 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
n(mol) 0,25-->0,25------->0,25------>0,25
\(V_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=n\cdot22,4=0,25\cdot22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ m_{ZnSO_4}=n\cdot M=0,25\cdot\left(65+32+16\cdot4\right)=40,25\left(g\right)\)
1. \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
2. \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,45\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,45.22,4=10,08\left(l\right)\)
3. \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,3.133,5=40,05\left(g\right)\)