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a)
$4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$
b) $n_{Al} = \dfrac{8,1}{27} = 0,3(mol)$
$n_{O_2} = \dfrac{13,44}{22,4} = 0,6(mol)$
Ta thấy :
$n_{Al} : 4 < n_{O_2} : 3$ nên $O_2$ dư
$n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al} = 0,4(mol)$
$m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,6 - 0,4).32 = 6,4(gam)$
c) $n_{Al_2O_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,15(mol)$
$m_{Al_2O_3} = 0,15.102 = 15,3(gam)$
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\)
bđ 0,3 0,4
pư 0,3 0,15
sau pư 0 0,25 0,3
=> H2 hết, O2 dư
\(m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,25.32=8\left(g\right)\)
b) \(A_{H_2O}=0,3.6.10^{23}=1,8.10^{23}\left(phân.tử\right)\)
c) \(m_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=0,15.32=4,8\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
0,3<-------------------------------------0,15
\(\rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,3.158=47,4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
0,1<--0,1
=> mZnCl2 = 0,1.136 = 13,6 (g)
nP=\(\dfrac{62}{31}\)=0,2(mol)
nO2=\(\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}\)=0,35(mol)
PTHH:4P+5O2to→2P2O5
tpứ: 0,2 0,35
pứ: 0,2 0,25 0,1
spứ: 0 0,1 0,1
a)chất còn dư là oxi
mO2dư=0,1.32=3,2(g)
b)mP2O5=n.M=0,1.142=14,2(g)
\(a.n_P=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\\ 4P+5O_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2P_2O_5\\ LTL:\dfrac{0,2}{4}< \dfrac{0,35}{5}\\ \Rightarrow SauphảnứngO_2dư\\ n_{O_2\left(pứ\right)}=\dfrac{5}{4}n_P=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{P\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,35-0,25\right).32=3,2\left(g\right)\\ b.n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_P=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{32}{64}=0,5\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Cu+O_2\rightarrow2CuO\\ TL:....2.....1.....2\\ BR:....0,2......0,1.....0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Cu}}{2}>\dfrac{n_{O_2}}{1}\) nên sau p/ứ Cu dư, O2 hết
\(a,m_{CuO}=0,2\cdot80=16\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{200\cdot14,6\%}{100\%}=29,2\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\\ TL:....1.....2.....1.....1\\ BR:....0,2.....0,4.....0,2.....0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{n_{CuO}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\) nên sau p/ứ HCl dư, CuO hết
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,8-0,4=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CuCl_2}=0,2\cdot135=27\left(g\right)\\ m_{HCl}=0,4\cdot36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\\ m_{CuO}=16\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2O}=0,2\cdot18=3,6\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{CuCl_2}}=16+14,6-3,6=27\left(g\right)\)
Vậy \(C\%_{dd_{CuCl_2}}=\dfrac{27}{200}\cdot100\%=13,5\%\)
a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\), ta được Fe dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
b, Fe dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,05.56=2,8\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,1}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
trc p/u : 0,1 0,1
p/u : 0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05
sau p/u: 0,05 0 0,05 0,05
---> sau p/ư : Fe dư
\(a,V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
b, \(m_{Fedư}=0,05.56=2,8\left(g\right)\)
\(c,_{FeCl_2}=0,05.127=6,35\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddFeCl_2}=5,6+\left(0,1.36,5\right)-\left(0,05.1\right)=9,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{6,35}{9,2}.100\%\approx69\%\)
PTHH: \(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{O_2}=\dfrac{12,8}{32}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{3}< \dfrac{0,4}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Oxi còn dư, Fe p/ứ hết
\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,4-\dfrac{2}{15}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
+) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{kk}=\dfrac{2}{15}\cdot22,4\cdot5\approx14,93\left(l\right)\\m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{15}\cdot232\approx15,47\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
\(3Fe + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Fe_3O_4\)
b)
Ta có :
\(n_{Fe} = \dfrac{8,4}{56} = 0,15(mol)\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{96}{32} = 3(mol)\)
Ta thấy : \(\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{3} = 0,05 < \dfrac{n_{O_2}}{2} = 1,5\) do đó O2 dư.
Theo PTHH :
\(n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{Fe} = 0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{O_2\ dư} = 3 - 0,1 = 2,9(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = 92,8(gam)\)
c)
\(n_{Fe_3O_4} = \dfrac{1}{3}n_{Fe} = 0,05(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4} = 0,05.232 = 11,6(gam)\)
\(a)PTHH:FeCl_3+2O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
mol 1 2 1
mol
\(b)\)Số mol \(FeCl_3\) là: \(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{m_{FeCl_3}}{M_{FeCl_3}}=\dfrac{8,4}{162,5}=0,052\left(mol\right)\)
Số mol \(O_2\) là: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{m_{O_2}}{M_{O_2}}=\dfrac{96}{32}=3\left(mol\right)\)
Lập tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{1}{0,052}>\dfrac{2}{3}\Rightarrow FeCl_3dư\)
Số mol \(FeCl_3\) phản ứng là:
Từ PTHH\(\Rightarrow\) \(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{0,052\times3}{3}=0,035\left(mol\right)\)
Số mol \(FeCl_3\) dư là: \(n_{FeCl_3dư}=n_{FeCl_3đầu}-n_{FeCl_3p/ứng}=0,052-0,035=0,018\left(mol\right)\)
Khối lượng \(FeCl_3\) dư là: \(m_{FeCl_3dư}=n_{FeCl_3dư}\times M_{FeCl_3}=0,018\times162,5=2,925\left(g\right)\)
a)
$4Fe + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe_2O_3$
b)
$n_{Fe} = \dfrac{11,2}{56} = 0,2(mol) ; n_{O_2} = \dfrac{8,96}{22,4} = 0,4(mol)$
Ta thấy :
$n_{Fe} : 4 > n_{O_2} : 3$ nên $O_2$ dư
$n_{O_2\ pư} = = \dfrac{3}{4}n_{Fe} = 0,15(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,4 - 0,15).32 = 8(gam)$
c) $n_{Fe_2O_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe} = 0,1(mol)$
$m_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,1.160 = 16(gam)$
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