tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức
A = |x-3| + |x-2| + \(^{x^2}\)+2011
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Bài 1:
a: \(M=x^2-10x+3\)
\(=x^2-10x+25-22\)
\(=\left(x^2-10x+25\right)-22\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)^2-22>=-22\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-5=0
=>x=5
b: \(N=x^2-x+2\)
\(=x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{4}>=\dfrac{7}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1/2=0
=>x=1/2
c: \(P=3x^2-12x\)
\(=3\left(x^2-4x\right)\)
\(=3\left(x^2-4x+4-4\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-2\right)^2-12>=-12\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-2=0
=>x=2
Ta có: \(A=\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(11-x\right)^2\)
\(=x^2-6x+9+x^2-22x+121\)
\(=2x^2-28x+130\)
\(=2\left(x^2-14x+49+16\right)\)
\(=2\left(x-7\right)^2+32\ge32\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=7
Bài 3:
a) Ta có: \(A=25x^2-20x+7\)
\(=\left(5x\right)^2-2\cdot5x\cdot2+4+3\)
\(=\left(5x-2\right)^2+3>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
d) Ta có: \(D=x^2-2x+2\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+1>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
Bài 1:
a) Ta có: \(A=x^2-2x+5\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+4\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
b) Ta có: \(B=x^2-x+1\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a) Ta có: \(A=x^2-2x+5\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+4\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
b) Ta có: \(B=x^2-x+1\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c) Ta có: \(C=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x(x+5)=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) Ta có: \(x^2+5y^2-2xy+4y+3\)
\(=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(4y^2+4y+1\right)+2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(2y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(A=x-1+\dfrac{9}{x-1}+4\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{9\left(x-1\right)}{x-1}}+4=10\)
\(A_{min}=10\) khi \(x=4\)
\(A=x+\frac{9}{x-1}+3\Leftrightarrow x-1+\frac{9}{x-1}+3\)
Áp dụng cosi 2 số đầu ta được :
\(x-1+\frac{9}{x-1}\ge2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\frac{9}{x-1}}=6\)
Dễ dàng suy ra : \(A\ge3+6=9\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra <=> \(x-1=\frac{9}{x-1}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2=9\)
TH1 : \(x-1=3\Leftrightarrow x=4\)( chọn )
TH2 : \(x-1=-3\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)( bỏ vì x > 1 ) theo giả thiết
Vậy GTNN A là 9 <=> x = 4
\(A=x-2\sqrt{3-x}\\ =-\left(3-x-2\sqrt{3-x}+1\right)+4\\ =-\left(\sqrt{3-x}-1\right)^2+4\le4\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3-x}-1=0\Leftrightarrow3-x=1\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
bài này ta có thể giải theo 2 cách
ta có A = \(\frac{x^2-2x+2011}{x^2}\)
= \(\frac{x^2}{x^2}\)- \(\frac{2x}{x^2}\)+ \(\frac{2011}{x^2}\)
= 1 - \(\frac{2}{x}\)+ \(\frac{2011}{x^2}\)
đặt \(\frac{1}{x}\)= y ta có
A= 1- 2y + 2011y^2
cách 1 :
A = 2011y^2 - 2y + 1
= 2011 ( y^2 - \(\frac{2}{2011}y\)+ \(\frac{1}{2011}\))
= 2011( y^2 - 2.y.\(\frac{1}{2011}\)+ \(\frac{1}{2011^2}\)- \(\frac{1}{2011^2}\) + \(\frac{1}{2011}\))
= 2011 \(\left(\left(y-\frac{1}{2011}\right)^2\right)+\frac{2010}{2011^2}\)
= 2011\(\left(y-\frac{1}{2011}\right)^2\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
vì ( y - \(\frac{1}{2011}\)) 2>=0
=> 2011\(\left(y-\frac{1}{2011}\right)^2\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)> = \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
hay A >=\(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
cách 2
A = 2011y^2 - 2y + 1
= ( \(\sqrt{2011y^2}\)) - 2 . \(\sqrt{2011y}\). \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\)+ \(\frac{1}{2011}\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
= \(\left(\sqrt{2011y}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\right)^2\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
vì \(\left(\sqrt{2011y}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\right)^2\)> =0
nên \(\left(\sqrt{2011y}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\right)^2\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)>= \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
hay A >= \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)