Cho a , b , c khac 0 va \(\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{b+c}{bc}=\frac{c+a}{ca}\) Tinh C=\(\frac{ab^2+bc^2+ca^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\)
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a)\(VT=\sum_{cyc}\frac{ab^3+ab^2c+a^2bc}{\left(a^2+bc+ca\right)\left(b^2+bc+ca\right)}\le\frac{\sum_{cyc}\left(ab^3+ab^2c+a^2bc\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+2a^2bc+2ab^2c+2abc^2}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)\(\le\frac{\sum_{cyc}ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)+abc\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ca}=VP\)
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Cho a,b,c>0 và a+b+c=1. CMR: \(\frac{a-bc}{a+bc}+\frac{b-ca}{b+ca}+\frac{c-ab}{c+ab}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có : a + bc = a ( a + b + c ) + bc = ( a + c ) ( a + b )
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với :
\(\frac{a\left(a+b+c\right)-bc}{\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b\left(a+b+c\right)-ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}+\frac{c\left(a+b+c\right)-ab}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\left(a^2+ab+ac-bc\right)\left(b+c\right)+\left(ab+b^2+bc-ac\right)\left(a+c\right)+\left(ac+bc+c^2-ab\right)\left(a+b\right)\le\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
khai triển ra , ta được :
\(a^2b+ab^2+b^2c+bc^2+a^2c+ac^2+6abc\le\frac{3}{2}\left(a^2b+ab^2+b^2c+bc^2+a^2c+ac^2\right)+3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{-1}{2}\left(a^2b+ab^2+b^2c+bc^2+a^2c+ac^2\right)\le-3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2b+ab^2+b^2c+bc^2+a^2c+ac^2\ge6abc\)( nhân với -2 thì đổi dấu )
\(\Rightarrow b\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+a\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+c\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow b\left(a-c\right)^2+a\left(b-c\right)^2+c\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
vì BĐT cuối luôn đúng nên BĐT lúc đầu đúng
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có 1 + ab2 \(\ge\)\(2b\sqrt{a}\)
1 + bc2 \(\ge2c\sqrt{b}\)
1 + ca2 \(\ge2a\sqrt{c}\)
VT \(\ge\)\(2\left(\frac{b\sqrt{a}}{c^3}+\frac{c\sqrt{b}}{a^3}+\frac{a\sqrt{c}}{b^3}\right)\)
\(\ge2\frac{\left(\sqrt[4]{b^2a}+\sqrt[4]{c^2b}+\sqrt[4]{a^2c}\right)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\)
\(\ge2\frac{\left(3\sqrt[12]{a^3b^3c^3}\right)^2}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\)
\(\ge\frac{18}{a^3+b^3+c^3}\)
Lời giải:
Ta thấy:
\(\text{VT}=(a+\frac{ca}{a+b})+(b+\frac{ab}{b+c})+(c+\frac{bc}{c+a})\)
\(=\frac{a(a+b+c)}{a+b}+\frac{b(a+b+c)}{b+c}+\frac{c(a+b+c)}{c+a}\)
\(=(a+b+c)\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\geq (a+b+c).\frac{(a+b+c)^2}{a^2+ab+b^2+bc+c^2+ac}=\frac{(a+b+c)^3}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac}\) (theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz)
Có:
$(a+b+c)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ac)=a^2+b^2+c^2+2$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c=\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2+2}=\sqrt{t+2}$ với $t=a^2+b^2+c^2$
Do đó:
$\text{VT}\geq \frac{\sqrt{(t+2)^3}}{t+1}$ \(=\sqrt{\frac{(t+2)^3}{(t+1)^2}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\((t+2)^3=\left(\frac{t+1}{2}+\frac{t+1}{2}+1\right)^3\geq 27.\frac{(t+1)^2}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}=\sqrt{\frac{(t+2)^3}{(t+1)^2}}\geq \sqrt{\frac{27}{4}}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$