Cho x,y,z là 3 số thỏa đk: x + y + z = 0 và xy + yz + zx = 0. Hãy tính gtbt L = ( x - 1 )2011 + y2012 + ( z + 1 )2013
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Bài 1: Chỉ cần chú ý đẳng thức \(a^5+b^5=\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(a^3+b^3\right)-a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)\) là ok!
Làm như sau: Từ \(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}=14\Rightarrow x^2+2.x.\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x^2}=16\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2=16\). Do \(x>0\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{x}>0\Rightarrow x+\frac{1}{x}=4\)
: \(x^5+\frac{1}{x^5}=\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)\left(x^3+\frac{1}{x^3}\right)-\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(=14\left(x^3+\frac{1}{x^3}\right)-\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(=14\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}-1\right)-4\)
\(=14.4.\left(14-1\right)-4=724\) là một số nguyên (đpcm)
P/s: Lâu ko làm nên cũng ko chắc đâu nhé!
2) \(\sum\dfrac{x}{x^2-yz+2013}=\sum\dfrac{x^2}{x^3-xyz+2013x}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+2013\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\dfrac{xy}{x+y}=\dfrac{yz}{y+z}=\dfrac{zx}{z+x}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{y+z}{yz}=\dfrac{z+x}{zx}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{z}\\ \Rightarrow x=y=z\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=\dfrac{x^2+x^2+x^2}{x^2+x^2+x^2}=1\)
Ta có :\(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2=0\) (do xy + yz + xz = 0)
Ta lại thấy \(x^2;y^2;z^2\ge0\forall x;y;z\) nên \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge0\forall x;y;z\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=0\) thay vào S ta được :
\(S=\left(-1\right)^{2005}+\left(-1\right)^{2006}+1^{2007}=1\)
Có \(VT=\dfrac{x^2}{x^3-xyz+2013x}+\dfrac{y^2}{y^3-xyz+2013y}+\dfrac{z^2}{z^3-xyz+2013z}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+2013\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)\left[x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right]+2013\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{x^2+y^2+z^2-\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
(vì \(2013=3.671=3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\))
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^2-yz+2013}=\dfrac{1}{y^2-zx+2013}=\dfrac{1}{z^2-xy+2013}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-yz=y^2-zx=z^2-xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\) (với \(x,y,z>0\))
Vậy ta có đpcm.
Ta có \(x+y+z=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=0\)mà xy+yz+zx=0
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=0\left(1\right)\)
Lại có: \(x^2,y^2,z^2\ge0\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge0\)Kết hợp (1)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2=y^2=z^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=0\)
Vậy \(T=\left(0-1\right)^{2013}+0^{2013}+\left(0+1\right)^{2013}=-1+0+1=0\)
Ta có : \(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=0\) ( Do \(xy+yz+zx=0\) )
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+\left(z^2-2xz+x^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z\)
Khi đó : \(x+y+z=3x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0\Rightarrow x=y=z=0\)
Nên \(T=\left(0-1\right)^{2013}+0^{2013}+\left(0+1\right)^{2013}=0\)
Vậy : \(T=0\).