Đốt 7,5g hh kim loại gồm nhôm và magie trong bình chứa 3,92 lít khí O2 (đktc).Tính % theo khối lượng mỗi kim loại trong hh
Mong mọi người giúp em giải chi tiết ạ
Em xin cảm ơn rất nhìu
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\(a.Fe_2O_3+3H_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow2Fe+3H_2O\\ Fe_3O_4+4H_2-^{t^o}\rightarrow3Fe+4H_2O\\ Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Fe_2O_3=x\left(mol\right)\\Fe_3O_4=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}160x+232y=27,6\\3x+4y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%Fe_2O_3=57,97\%;\%Fe_3O_4=42,03\%\\ b.\Sigma n_{Fe}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}+3n_{Fe_3O_4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15(mol)\\ Zn+H_2SO_4\to ZnSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Zn}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,15.65}{15,75}.100\%=61,9\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Cu}=100\%-61,9\%=38,1\%\\ b,n_{ZnSO_4}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4}=0,15.161=24,15(g)\)
a) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
_____0,15<-------------0,15<---0,15
=> mZn = 0,15.65 = 9,75(g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Zn=\dfrac{9,75}{17,75}.100\%=54,93\%\\\%Cu=100\%-54,93\%=45,07\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) mZnSO4 = 0,15.161=24,15(g)
PTHH: \(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\) (1)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\) (2)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{O_2}=\dfrac{33,6}{22,4}=1,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(2\right)}=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(1\right)}=1,425\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=2,85\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,85\cdot24}{2,85\cdot24+2,7}\cdot100\%\approx96,2\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=3,8\%\)
\(n_{O_2} =\dfrac{33,6}{22,4} = 1,5(mol)\\ n_{Al} = \dfrac{2,7}{27} = 0,1(mol)\\ 2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO\\ 4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Mg} + \dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}\\ \Rightarrow n_{Mg} = 2,85(mol)\)
Vậy :
\(\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{2,85.24}{2,85.24 + 2,7}.100\% = 96,2\%\\ \%m_{Al} = 100\% - 96,2\% = 3,8\%\)
Gọi số mol Zn, Al là a, b (mol)
=> 65a + 27b = 18,4 (1)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
b-->0,75b
2Zn + O2 --to--> 2ZnO
a-->0,5a
=> 0,5a + 0,75b = 0,25 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,2 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65}{18,4}.100\%=70,65\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{18,4}.100\%=29,35\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2Zn+O_2\rightarrow 2ZnO \)
\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow 2Al_2O_3 \)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25(mol) \)
\(Theo PT : x = 0,2 mol ; y = 0,2 mol \)
\(\%\)\(m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,2.65}{18,4}.100\)\(\%\)\(=70,65 \)\(\%\)
\(\%\)\(m_{Al}=100\)\(\%\)\(-70,65=29,35\)\(\%\)
\(^nO_2=\frac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(4X+3O_2\rightarrow^{t^o}2X_2O_3\)
Theo PT: \(^nX=\frac{4}{3}.^nO_2=\frac{4}{3}.0,3=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow^mX=0,4.^MX=10,8\)
\(\Rightarrow^MX=27\)
\(\Rightarrow X:Al\)
Theo PT: \(^nX_2O_3=\frac{2}{3}.^nO_2=\frac{2}{3}.0,3=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow^mX_2O_3=0,2.\left(2.^MX+3.16\right)=0,2.\left(2.27+48\right)=0,2.102=20,4\left(g\right)\)
Vậy \(X:Al\)
\(^mX_2O_3\)tạo thành là \(20,4\left(g\right)\)
Tham khảo nhé~
a, \(2Al+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2AlCl_3\)
\(2Fe+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\)
b, Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 27x + 56y = 7,8 (1)
Theo PT: \(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{107}{435}\left(mol\right)\\y=\dfrac{3}{145}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=\dfrac{107}{435}.27\approx6,64\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{145}.56\approx1,16\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b (mol)
=> 27a + 24b = 7,5 (1)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,92}{22,4}=0,175\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
a-->0,75a
2Mg + O2 --to--> 2MgO
b--->0,5b
=> 0,75a + 0,5b = 0,175 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,2 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{7,5}.100\%=36\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{7,5}.100\%=64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)