Hòa tan hoàn toàn 21,1 gam hỗn hợp A gồm Zn và ZnO cần dùng 200 ml dung dịch axit axetic. Sau phản ứng thu được 4,48 lít khí H2 (đktc).
a. Tính % khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp A.
b. Tính nồng độ mol của axit axetic đã dùng.
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Zn+2HCl->ZnCl2+H2
ZnO+2HCl->ZnCl2+H2O
nH2=0.2(mol)->nZn=0.2(mol).mZn=13(g)
mZnO=21.1-13=8.1(g)
nZnO=0.1(mol)
Tổng nHCl cần dùng:0.2*2+0.1*2=0.6(mol)
mHCl=21.9(g)
C%ddHCl=21.9:200*100=10.95%
n muối=0.2+.1=0.3(mol)
m muối=40.8(g)
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(2Al+2NaOH+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+3H_2|\)
2 2 2 2 3
0,2 0,2 0,3
\(Al_2O_3+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+H_2O|\)
1 2 2 1
0,1 0,2
b) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,3.2}{3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al2O3}=15,6-5,4=10,2\left(g\right)\)
c) Có : \(m_{Al2O3}=10,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al2O3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH\left(tổng\right)}=0,2+0,2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,4}{1}=0,4\left(l\right)=400\left(ml\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
nH2 = 6,72/22,4 = 0,3 (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
nAl = 0,3 : 3 . 2 = 0,2 (mol)
nHCl (Al) = 0,3 . 2 = 0,6 (mol)
mAl = 0,2 . 27 = 5,4 (g)
%mAl = 5,4/25,65 = 20,05%
%mZnO = 100% - 20,05% = 79,95%
mZnO = 25,65 - 5,4 = 20,25 (g)
nZnO = 20,25/81 = 0,25 (mol)
PTHH: ZnO + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2O
nHCl (ZnO) = 0,25 . 2 = 0,5 (mol)
nHCl (đã dùng) = 0,6 + 0,5 = 1,1 (mol)
CMddHCl = 1,1/0,1008 = 10,9M
C% = (10,9 . 36,5)/(10 . 1,19) = 33,43%
a) $Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$
$ZnO + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2O$
b)
Theo PTHH : $n_{Zn} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{4,48}{22,4} = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{Zn} = 0,2.65 = 13(gam)$
$m_{ZnO} = 21,1 - 13 = 8,1(gam)$
c) $n_{ZnO} = 0,1(mol)$
Theo PTHH : $n_{HCl} = 2n_{Zn} + 2n_{ZnO} = 0,6(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,6.36,5}{16,6\%} = 132(gam)$
d) $m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 21,1 + 132 - 0,2.2 = 152,7(gam)$
$n_{ZnCl_2} = n_{Zn} + n_{ZnO} = 0,3(mol)$
$C\%_{ZnCl_2} = \dfrac{0,3.136}{152,7}.100\% = 26,72\%$
Đặt: \(n_{Zn}=a\left(mol\right);n_{ZnO}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(a.Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65a+81b=14,6\\a=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ b.m_{Zn}=0,1.65=6,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{ZnO}=0,1.81=8,1\left(g\right)\\ d.m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,1+0,1\right).2.36,5.100}{7,3}=200\left(g\right)\)
a) Gọi số mol Zn, Fe là a, b (mol)
=> 65a + 56b = 8,56 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,136}{22,4}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
a--->2a-------->a----->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b----->2b------->b------>b
=> a + b = 0,14 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,08; b = 0,06
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,08.65}{8,56}.100\%=60,748\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,06.56}{8,56}.100\%=39,252\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
nKOH = 0,2.0,1 = 0,02 (mol)
PTHH: KOH + HCl --> KCl + H2O
0,02-->0,02
=> nHCl = 0,02 + 2a + 2b = 0,3 (mol)
=> \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=xM=\dfrac{0,3}{0,15}=2M\)
c) m = 0,08.136 + 0,06.127 = 18,5(g)
C32:
a, \(n_C=\dfrac{2,4}{12}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_C=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{CO_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{NaOH}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{n_{CO_2}}=1,5\) → Pư tạo NaHCO3 và Na2CO3
PT: \(CO_2+NaOH\rightarrow NaHCO_3\)
\(CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=n_{NaHCO_3}+n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,2\\n_{NaOH}=n_{NaHCO_3}+2n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaHCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ mNaHCO3 = 0,1.84 = 8,4 (g)
mNa2CO3 = 0,1.106 = 10,6 (g)
c, \(C_{M_{NaHCO_3}}=C_{M_{Na_2CO_3}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(M\right)\)
Lần sau bạn đăng tách câu hỏi ra nhé.
C31:
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{14,6}.100\%\approx44,52\%\\\%m_{ZnO}\approx55,48\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{14,6-0,1.65}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}+2n_{ZnO}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{10\%}=146\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a_____2a______a_____a (mol)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
b_____3b_______b_____\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=36,1\\a+\dfrac{3}{2}b=\dfrac{21,28}{22,4}=0,95\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\\b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,5\cdot56=28\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=8,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b+c) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2a+3b=1,9\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,9}{0,2}=9,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
$a\big)$
$Zn+2CH_3COOH\to (CH_3COO)_2Zn+H_2$
$ZnO+2CH_3COOH\to (CH_2COO)_2Zn+H_2O$
Theo PT: $n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=\frac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2(mol)$
$\to \%m_{Zn}=\frac{0,2.65}{21,1}.100\%\approx 61,61\%$
$\to \%m_{ZnO}=100-61,61=38,39\%$
$b\big)$
$n_{ZnO}=\frac{21,1-0,2.65}{81}=0,1(mol)$
Theo PT: $\sum n_{CH_3COOH}=2n_{Zn}+2n_{ZnO}=0,6(mol)$
$\to C_{M_{CH_3COOH}}=\dfrac{0,6}{\frac{200}{1000}}=3M$
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2mol\)
\(Zn+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2\)
0,2 0,2 ( mol )
\(m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13g\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{21,1}.100=61,61\%\)
\(\%m_{ZnO}=100\%-61,61\%=38,39\%\)
\(Zn+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2\)
0,2 0,4 ( mol )
\(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{21,1-13}{81}=0,1mol\)
\(ZnO+2CH_3COOH\rightarrow\left(CH_3COO\right)_2Zn+H_2O\)
0,1 0,2 ( mol )
\(C_{M\left(CH_3COOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,4+0,2}{0,2}=3M\)