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2KMnO4 --to--> MnO2 + O2 + K2MnO4
0,6 <------------------------- 0,3 (mol)
a) nO2 = V/22,4 = 6,12/22,4 ≃ 0,3 (mol)
=> mKMnO4 = n . M = 0,6 . 158 = 94,8 ( g)
b) *PT (a) thu được khí O2
3O2 + 4Al --to--> 2Al2O3
0,3 -> 0,4 (mol)
mO2 = 0,3 . 32 = 9,6 (g)
mAl = 0,4 . 27 = 10,8 (g)
Khối lượng chất rắn cần tìm:
mAl2O3 = mO2 + mAl = 9,6 + 10,8 = 20,4 (g)
Bài 1.
a.\(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{49}{122,5}=0,4mol\)
\(2KClO_3\rightarrow\left(t^o,MnO_2\right)2KCl+3O_2\)
0,4 0,6 ( mol )
\(V_{O_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44l\)
b.\(n_P=\dfrac{12,4}{31}=0,4mol\)
\(4P+5O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2P_2O_5\)
\(\dfrac{0,4}{4}\)< \(\dfrac{0,6}{5}\) ( mol )
0,4 0,2 ( mol )
Chất dư là O2
\(m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,6-\left(\dfrac{0,4.5}{4}\right)=0,1mol\)
\(m_{P_2O_5}=0,2.142=28,4g\)
Bài 2.
a.\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{126,4}{158}=0,8mol\)
\(2KMnO_4\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
0,8 0,4 ( mol )
\(V_{O_2}=0,4.22,4=8,96l\)
b.\(n_P=\dfrac{12,4}{31}=0,4mol\)
\(4P+5O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2P_2O_5\)
\(\dfrac{0,4}{4}\) > \(\dfrac{0,4}{5}\) ( mol )
0,4 0,16 ( mol )
Chất dư là P
\(n_{P\left(dư\right)}=0,4-\left(\dfrac{0,4.4}{5}\right)=0,08mol\)
\(m_{P_2O_5}=0,16.142=22,72g\)
\(a/n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2,52}{56}=0,045mol\\ 3Fe+2O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^0}Fe_3O_4\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,045.2}{3}=0,03mol\\ V_{O_2}=0,03.22,4=0,672l\\ b/2KClO_3\xrightarrow[]{t^0}2KCl+3O_2\\ n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{0,03.2}{3}=0,02mol\\ m_{KClO_3}=0,02.122,5=2,45g\)
PTHH: \(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\)
Gộp cả phần a và b
Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{12}{24}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2}=0,25mol\\n_{MgO}=0,5mol\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{O_2}=0,25\cdot22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\m_{MgO}=0,5\cdot40=20\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a,b,
\(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{12,25}{122,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KClO3 --to, MnO2--> 2KCl + 3O2
0,1-------------------->0,1------->0,15
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{O_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\m_{KCl}=74,5.0,1=7,45\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, PTHH: 3Fe + 2O2 --to--> Fe3O4
0,225<-0,15------->0,075
=> mFe3O4 = 0,075.232 = 17,4 (g)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,2Mg+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2MgO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\\ b,2KClO_3\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2KCl+3O_2\\ n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{0,05.2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{30}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{122,5}{30}=\dfrac{49}{12}\left(g\right)\)
a, PT: \(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{24,5}{122,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{KClO_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,3.24,79=7,437\left(g\right)\)
b, PT: \(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)
Ta có: \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{32}{64}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,5}{2}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\), ta được O2 dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Cu}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=n_{Cu}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,25=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,05.32=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{CuO}=0,5.80=40\left(g\right)\)
a, PT: \(2KClO_3\xrightarrow[MnO_2]{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{73,5}{122,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{KClO_3}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,9.22,4=20,16\left(l\right)\)
b, PT: \(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\)
Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{24}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{2}< \dfrac{0,9}{1}\), ta được O2 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}=0,3.40=12\left(g\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!