cho a,b,c dương thỏa mãn \(\left(3a+2b\right)\left(3a+2c\right)=16bc\). tìm GTNN của \(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}\)
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Vì \(a,b,c>0\Rightarrow a+b+c\ne0\)
Áp dụng tc dtsbn:
\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b+c-a=2a\\2c-b+a=2b\\2a+b-c=2c\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-2b=c\\3b-2c=a\\3c-2a=b\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-c=2b\\3b-a=2c\\3c-b=2a\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow P=\dfrac{abc}{2a\cdot2b\cdot2c}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
Từ giả thiết , ta có : \(GT< =>\frac{\left(3a+2b\right)\left(3a+2c\right)}{bc}=\frac{16}{bc}\)
\(< =>\left(\frac{3a}{b}+\frac{2b}{b}\right)\left(\frac{3a}{c}+\frac{2c}{c}\right)=16\)
\(< =>\left(3\frac{a}{b}+2\right)\left(3\frac{a}{c}+2\right)=16\)
đến đây nhắn cho e cái điểm rơi để e nghĩ tiếp nhaaaaaaa
\(a^2b^2c^2+\left(a+1\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\ge a+b+c+ab+bc+ca+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(abc\right)^2+abc-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(abc+2\right)\left(abc-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow abc\ge1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(b+2c\right)\left(2c+3a\right)}+\frac{b+2c}{45}+\frac{2c+3a}{75}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{\left(b+2c\right)\left(2c+3b\right)}\cdot\frac{b+2c}{45}\cdot\frac{2c+3a}{75}}=\frac{a}{5}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b^3}{\left(c+2a\right)\left(2a+3b\right)}+\frac{c+2a}{45}+\frac{2a+3b}{75}\ge\frac{b}{5}\left(2\right)\\\frac{c^3}{\left(a+2b\right)\left(2b+3c\right)}+\frac{a+2b}{45}+\frac{2b+3c}{75}\ge\frac{c}{5}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1)(2)(3) ta có:
\(P+\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{15}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{5}\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{15}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Mà \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\Rightarrow S\ge\frac{1}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
b.\(ĐK:x;y\in Z^+;x;y\ne0\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{5}{y}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=1-\dfrac{5}{y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{x}=\dfrac{y-5}{y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{y-5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5y}{y-5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=5+\dfrac{25}{y-5}\) ( bạn chia \(5y\) cho \(y-5\) ý )
Để x;y là số nguyên dương thì \(25⋮y-5\) hay \(y-5\in U\left(25\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm5;\pm25\right\}\)
TH1:
\(y-5=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=6\\x=30\end{matrix}\right.\) ( tm ) ( bạn thế y=6 vào \(x=5+\dfrac{25}{y+5}\) nhé )
Xét tương tự, ta ra được nghiệm nguyên dương của phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=30\\y=6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=10\\y=10\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=30\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu a mik ko bt nên bạn tham khảo nhé:
https://hoc24.vn/cau-hoi/cho-a-b-c-0-va-day-ti-so-dfrac2bc-aadfrac2c-babdfrac2ab-cctinh-p-dfracleft3a-2brightleft3b-2crightleft.177725456910
\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b+c-a=2a\\2c-b+a=2b\\2a+b-c=2c\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-2b=c\\3b-2c=a\\3c-2a=b\end{matrix}\right.\text{ và }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-c=2b\\3b-a=2c\\3c-b=2a\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{a\cdot b\cdot c}{2a\cdot2b\cdot3c}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(S=\left(1+\dfrac{2a}{3b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{2b}{3c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{2c}{3d}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{2d}{3a}\right)\)
có \(1+\dfrac{2a}{3b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2a}{3b}}\)(BDT AM-GM)
\(=>1+\dfrac{2b}{3c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2b}{3c}}\)
\(=>1+\dfrac{2c}{3d}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2c}{3d}}\)
\(=>1+\dfrac{2d}{3a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2d}{3a}}\)
\(=>S\ge16\sqrt{\dfrac{2a.2b.2c.2d}{3a.3b.3c.3d}}=16\sqrt{\dfrac{16abcd}{81abcd}}=16\sqrt{\dfrac{16}{81}}=\dfrac{64}{9}\)
Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\) \(\dfrac{2b+c-a+2c-b+a+2a+b-c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
Do \(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=2\Rightarrow2b+c-a=2a\)
\(\Rightarrow2b+c-a+a=3a\)
\(\Rightarrow2b+c=3a\Rightarrow3a-2b=c\)
Lại do \(\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=2\) \(\Rightarrow2c-b+a=2b\)
\(\Rightarrow2c+a-3b=0\)
\(\Rightarrow3b-2c=a\)
Ta lại có \(\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=2\Rightarrow2a+b-c=2c\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+b-c+c=3c\)
\(\Rightarrow2a +b=3c\)
\(\Rightarrow3c-2a=b\)
Khi đó:
\(P=\dfrac{c.a.b}{2b.2c.2a}=\dfrac{1}{8}\) (đoạn này mk làm hơi tắt, nếu không hiểu thì nói mk nhé!)
Vậy \(P=\dfrac{1}{8}.\)
Chú ý: Ở tử của p/s phải là 3a \(-2b\) mới làm được bài này.
\(\left(3a+2b\right)\left(3a+2c\right)=16bc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3a+2b}{b}.\dfrac{3a+2c}{c}=16\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+2\right)\left(3y+2\right)=16\) với \(x=\dfrac{a}{b};y=\dfrac{a}{c}\).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM: \(16=\left(3x+2\right)\left(3y+2\right)\le\dfrac{\left(3x+3y+4\right)^2}{4}\Leftrightarrow x+y\le\dfrac{4}{3}\);
\(xy\le\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\le\dfrac{4}{9}\).
Ta có: \(P=\dfrac{a^2+2a\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+2=\dfrac{xy}{x+y}+\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\left(\dfrac{xy}{x+y}+\dfrac{x+y}{9xy}\right)+\dfrac{8\left(x+y\right)}{9xy}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{x+y}.\dfrac{x+y}{9xy}}+\dfrac{8\left(x+y\right)}{\dfrac{9\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}=\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{32}{9\left(x+y\right)}\ge\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{32}{12}=\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{8}{3}=\dfrac{10}{3}\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(3a=2b=2c>0\).
Vậy...