Giải phương trình trên tập số nguyên x 2015 = y ( y + 1 ) ( y + 2 ) ( y + 3 ) + 1 (1)
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\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{y+x}{xy}=\frac{1}{2}\)
=>\(\frac{x+y}{xy}-\frac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{-\left(x-2\right)y-2x}{2xy}=0\)
=>(x-2)y-2x=0
=>x-2=0( vì x-2=0 thì nhân y-2x ms =0 )
=>x=2
=>y-2=0
=>y=2
vậy x=y=2
Đặt \(x+\dfrac{1}{x}=a;y+\dfrac{1}{y}=b\left(\left|a\right|\ge2;\left|b\right|\ge2\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}+y+\dfrac{1}{y}=5\\x^3+y^3+\dfrac{1}{x^3}+\dfrac{1}{y^3}=15m-25\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}+y+\dfrac{1}{y}=5\\\left(x^3+\dfrac{1}{x^3}\right)+\left(y^3+\dfrac{1}{y^3}\right)=15m-25\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}+y+\dfrac{1}{y}=5\\\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^3-3\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^3-3\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=15m-25\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}+y+\dfrac{1}{y}=5\\\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^3+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^3-3\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}+y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)=15m-25\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}+y+\dfrac{1}{y}=5\\\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^3+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^3=15m-10\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=5\\a^3+b^3=15m-10\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=5\\\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)=15m-10\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=5\\125-15ab=15m-10\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=5\\ab=9-m\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a,b\) là nghiệm của phương trình \(t^2-5t+9-m=0\left(1\right)\)
a, Nếu \(m=3\), phương trình \(\left(1\right)\) trở thành
\(t^2-5t+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=2\\t=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=3\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\b=2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}=2\\y+\dfrac{1}{y}=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\y^2-3y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}=3\\y+\dfrac{1}{y}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
b, \(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow t=\dfrac{5\pm\sqrt{4m-11}}{2}\left(m\ge\dfrac{11}{4}\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{5\pm\sqrt{4m-11}}{2}\\b=\dfrac{5\mp\sqrt{4m-11}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{5\pm\sqrt{4m-11}}{2}\\y+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{5\mp\sqrt{4m-11}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-\left(5\pm\sqrt{4m-11}\right)+2=0\left(2\right)\\2y^2-\left(5\mp\sqrt{4m-11}\right)+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Yêu cầu bài toán thỏa mãn khi phương trình \(\left(2\right)\) có nghiệm dương
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Delta=\left(5\pm\sqrt{4m-11}\right)^2-16\ge0\\\dfrac{5\pm\sqrt{4m-11}}{2}>0\\1>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
bài 2 :
x3+7y=y3+7x
x3-y3-7x+7x=0
(x-y)(x2+xy+y2)-7(x-y)=0
(x-y)(x2+xy+y2-7)=0
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\Rightarrow x=y\left(loại\right)\\x^{2^{ }}+xy+y^2-7=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
x2+xy+y2=7 (*)
Giải pt (*) ta đc hai nghiệm phan biệt:\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1va,y=2\\x=2va,y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(x^3-4x^2-5x+6=\sqrt[3]{7x^2+9x-4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-7x^2-9x+4+x^3+3x^2+4x+2=\sqrt[3]{7x^2+9x-4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(7x^2+9x-4\right)+\left(x+1\right)^3+x+1=\sqrt[3]{7x^2+9x-4}\) (*)
Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{7x^2+9x-4}=a;x+1=b\)
Khi đó (*) \(\Leftrightarrow-a^3+b^3+b=a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b-a\right).\left(b^2+ab+a^2+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b=a\)
Hay \(x+1=\sqrt[3]{7x^2+9x-4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3=7x^2+9x-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-4x^2-6x+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-4x^2-5x-x+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(x^2+x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=\dfrac{-1\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
ĐKXĐ: \(x,y\ge2\)
- Xét \(y=2 \): \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}=1\Rightarrow x=4\) (nhận)
- Xét: \(y>2 \):\((y-1)^2>1\Rightarrow \dfrac{1}{(y-1)^2}<1\)
Khi đó: \(1<2-\dfrac{1}{(y-1)^2}<2\Rightarrow 1<\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}<2 \Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}<\sqrt{x}<2 \)
Suy ra: \(\dfrac{9}{4}< x<4 \Rightarrow x=3\) (vì x là số nguyên dương)
Lúc này: \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}-1}+\dfrac{1}{(y-1)^2}=2 \Rightarrow y=\sqrt{\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2\sqrt{3}-3}}+1\) (loại)
Vậy (x;y)=(4;2)
x 2015 = y ( y + 1 ) ( y + 2 ) ( y + 3 ) + 1 (1)
y ( y + 1 ) ( y + 2 ) ( y + 3 ) = y ( y + 3 ) ( y + 1 ) ( y + 2 ) = ( y 2 + 3 y ) ( y 2 + 3 y + 2 ) Đ ặ t t = y 2 + 3 y + 1 ⇒ y ( y + 1 ) ( y + 2 ) ( y + 3 ) = t 2 − 1
( t ∈ ℤ , t2 ≥ 1)
( 1 ) ⇔ x 2015 − 1 = t 2 − 1 ⇔ x 2015 − 1 ≥ 0 x 2015 − 1 = t 2 − 1 ( 2 )
Với x, t là số nguyên ta có:
( 2 ) ⇔ x 2015 − 1 + t x 2015 − 1 − t = − 1 ⇔ x 2015 − 1 + t = 1 x 2015 − 1 − t = − 1 x 2015 − 1 + t = − 1 x 2015 − 1 − t = 1 ⇔ x 2015 = t = 1 x 2015 = 1 t = − 1
Với x 2015 = t = 1 ⇒ x = 1 y 2 + 3 y + 1 = 1 ⇔ x = 1 y = 0 y = − 3
Với x 2015 = 1 t = − 1 ⇒ x = 1 y 2 + 3 y + 1 = − 1 ⇔ x = 1 y = − 1 y = − 2
Thử lại ta thấy các cặp (1;-3), (1;-2), (1;-1), (1;0) thỏa mãn đề bài
Vậy có 4 cặp (x;y) cần tìm là (1;-3), (1;-2), (1;-1), (1;0)