Cho \(a+b+c=a^2+b^2+c^2=1\) và \(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}\left(a\ne0,b\ne0,c\ne0\right)\)
CMR \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
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Đặt : x/a = m ; y/b = n ; z/c = p
=> m+n+p = 1 ; 1/m+1/n+1/p=0
1/m+1/n+1/p=0
<=> mn+np+pm/mnp=0
<=> mn+np+pm=0
<=> 2mn+2np+2pm=0
Xét : 1 = (m+n+p)^2 = m^2+n^2+p^2+2mn+2np+2pm = m^2+n^2+p^2
=> x^2/a^2+y^2/b^2+z^2/c^2 = 1
=> ĐPCM
Tk mk nha
Ta có : \(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=\frac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}=x+y+z\) vì a + b + c = 1
Do đó \((x+y+z)^2=\frac{x^2}{a^2}=\frac{y^2}{b^2}=\frac{z^2}{c^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=x^2+y^2+z^2\)vì \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
Vậy :
Lời giải:
Đặt $\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=t$
$\Rightarrow x=at; y=bt; z=ct$. Ta có:
$(x+y+z)^2=(at+bt+ct)^2=t^2(a+b+c)^2=t^2(*)$
Mặt khác:
$x^2+y^2+z^2=(at)^2+(bt)^2+(ct)^2=t^2(a^2+b^2+c^2)=t^2(**)$
Từ $(*); (**)\Rightarrow (x+y+z)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2$ (đpcm)
a) \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+b^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2y^2=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+2abxy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b^2x^2-2abxy+a^2y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(bx\right)^2-2\cdot bx\cdot ay+\left(ay\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(bx-ay\right)^2=0\Rightarrow bx=ay\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\right)\)
b) \(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+b^2x^2+c^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2y^2+c^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2z^2+c^2z^2\)
\(=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2abxy+2bcyz+2acxz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b^2x^2-2bxay+a^2y^2+b^2z^2-2bzcy+c^2y^2+a^2z^2-2azcx+c^2x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(bx-ay\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2=0\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}bx=ay\\bz=cy\\az=cx\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\\\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\\\frac{a}{x}=\frac{c}{z}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\right)}\)
c) \(\left(a+b\right)^2=2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+2ab=2a^2+2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
a, Tương đương : \(a^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2\) = \(a^2x^2+2axby+b^2y^2\)
\(a^2y^2-2axby+b^2x^2=0\)
\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2\) = 0
\(ay-bx=0\)
\(ay=bx\)
\(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\) dpcm
Câu b, c làm tương tự câu a
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có: \(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}=\frac{a+b+c}{x+y+z}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=kx;b=ky;c=kz\Rightarrow a^2=k^2x^2;b^2=k^2y^2;c^2=k^2z^2\\a+b+c=k\left(x+y+z\right)\end{cases}}\)
Có: \(\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(kx^2+ky^2+kz^2\right)^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{k^2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}=\frac{1}{k^2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{k^2x^2+k^2y^2+k^2z^2}=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)(đpcm)
Lời giải:
a) \(\frac{x^2-16}{4x-x^2}=\frac{(x-4)(x+4)}{x(4-x)}=\frac{x+4}{-x}\)
b) \(\frac{5(x-y)-3(y-x)}{10(x-y)}=\frac{5(x-y)+3(x-y)}{10(x-y)}=\frac{8(x-y)}{10(x-y)}=\frac{8}{10}=\frac{4}{5}\)
c)
\(\frac{(x+y)^2-z^2}{x+y+z}=\frac{(x+y-z)(x+y+z)}{x+y+z}=x+y-z\)
d)
Biểu thức không rút gọn được
e)
\(\frac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}=\frac{(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}=\frac{(a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-c(a+b)+c^2]-3ab(a+b)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
\(=\frac{(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ac-bc+2ab)-3ab(a+b+c)+3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
\(=\frac{(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)+3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}=a+b+c+\frac{3abc}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}\)
áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số = nhau ta đc
\(+)\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=\frac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}=x+y+z\)(do a+b+c=1)
=> \(x+y+z=\frac{x}{a}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=\frac{x^2}{a^2}\left(1\right)\)
+) \(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=>\frac{x^2}{a^2}=\frac{y^2}{b^2}=\frac{z^2}{c^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=x^2+y^2+z^2\)(do a^2 +b^2 +c^2 =1)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=\frac{x^2}{a^2}\left(2\right)\)
từ (1) zà (2)
=>\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2\left(dpcm\right)\)
Có \(a+b+c=a^2+b^2+c^2=1\) và \(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}\left(a;b;c\ne0\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=\left(\frac{x}{a}\right)^2=\left(\frac{y}{b}\right)^2=\left(\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=\frac{x^2}{a^2}=\frac{y^2}{b^2}=\frac{z^2}{c^2}\left(2\right)\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có :
\(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=\frac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\). Theo \(\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=\frac{x^2}{a^2}=\frac{y^2}{b^2}=\frac{z^2}{c^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\). Theo \(\left(2\right)\)
Có \(a+b+c=a^2+b^2+c^2=1\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1^2=1\).
Từ các đẳng thức trên, ta suy ra : \(\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=\frac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(=\frac{x+y+z}{1}=\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{1}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{1}\Leftrightarrow1\left(x+y+z\right)^2=1\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2\Leftrightarrowđpcm\)