Cho a,b,c là các số dương. CM bđt:
\(\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+2b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{4}+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức có:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{16}{a+a+b+c}=\frac{16}{2a+b+c}\)<=> \(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{16}{2a+b+c}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{16}{a+2b+c}\) và \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}\ge\frac{16}{a+b+2c}\)
Cộng 2 vế với nhau ta được:
\(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}\ge\frac{16}{2a+b+c}+\frac{16}{a+2b+c}+\frac{16}{a+b+2c}\)
<=> \(\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\ge16\left(\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+2b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+2b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cơ bản dạng\(\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\), ta được: \(\left(a+2b\right)^2=\left(\frac{2a+b}{2}+\frac{3b}{2}\right)^2\ge4.\frac{2a+b}{2}.\frac{3b}{2}=3b\left(2a+b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2a+b}{a+2b}\le\frac{a+2b}{3b}\Rightarrow\frac{2a+b}{a\left(a+2b\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự, ta có: \(\frac{2b+c}{b\left(b+2c\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\); \(\frac{2c+a}{c\left(c+2a\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế ba bất đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{2a+b}{a\left(a+2b\right)}+\frac{2b+c}{b\left(b+2c\right)}+\frac{2c+a}{c\left(c+2a\right)}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
Với x,y>0 ta cm: \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
=>\(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
ÁP dụng vào bài toán ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a+b+2c}=\frac{1}{a+c+b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{4ab}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\)
tương tự: \(\frac{4bc}{b+c+2a}\le\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c};\frac{4ca}{c+a+2b}\le\frac{ca}{b+c}+\frac{ca}{a+b}\)
Cộng 3 bđt trên vế theo vế ta dc \(4\left(\frac{ab}{a+b+2c}+\frac{bc}{b+c+2a}+\frac{ca}{c+a+2b}\right)\le\frac{bc+ca}{a+b}+\frac{ab+ca}{b+c}+\frac{ab+bc}{a+c}=c+a+b\)
=>đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
a/ \(VT=\frac{1}{a+a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b+c+c}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{4}\)
b/ \(VT\le\frac{ab}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{bc}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{ca}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(VT\le\frac{a}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{b}{4}+\frac{c}{4}+\frac{c}{4}+\frac{a}{4}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\frac{ab}{a+b+2c}=\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)
Làm tương tự với 2 phân thức còn lại rồi cộng vào ra đpcm
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b},\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
\(x+y+z\ge\frac{x^2+2xy}{2x+y}+\frac{y^2+2yz}{2y+z}+\frac{z^2+2zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{3xy}{2x+y}+\frac{3yz}{2y+z}+\frac{3zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{3}{9}xy\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{1}{3}\left[\left(x+2y\right)+\left(y+2z\right)+\left(z+2x\right)\right]=x+y+z\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z
Cần CM bĐT phụ sau : \(\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\ge\frac{1}{a+b}\left(1\right)\)
Có \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab},\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\ge4\Rightarrow\) (1) đúng
Áp dụng (1) ta có \(\frac{1}{2a+b+c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b+c\right)+a}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a+b+c}\right)\left(2\right)\)
Tương tự có \(\frac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b+c}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(3\right),\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b+c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\left(4\right)̸\)
Cọng (2),(3) và (4) có \(VT\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{3}{a+b+c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{2a+b+c}=\frac{1}{a+a+b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+a}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\) ; \(\frac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{16}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)