Cho A=2!/3!+2!/4!+...+2!/n!. Chứng minh rằng A<1
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\(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{100}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3A=3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+....+3^{101}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3A-A=\left(3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+...+3^{101}\right)-\left(3+3^2+3^3+3^4+...+3^{100}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A=3^{101}-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{3^{101}-3}{2}< 3^{100}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< B\)
a. tính A = 3+3^2+3^3+3^4+.....+3^100
3A=3^2+3^3+3^4+3^5+....+3^100
3A-A=(3^2+3^3+3^4+....+3^101)-(3+3^2+3^3+3^4+.....+3^100)=3^101-3=3^100
mà B=3^100-1 => A<B
Bài 1)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki ta có:
\(1=(a^2+b^2)(m^2+n^2)\geq (am+bn)^2\Rightarrow -1\leq am+bn\leq 1\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\frac{a}{m}=\frac{b}{n}\) . Kết hợp với \(a^2+b^2=m^2+n^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow \) dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=\pm m;b=\pm n\)
Bài 2)
Ta thấy:
\((ac-bd)^2\geq 0\Rightarrow a^2c^2+b^2d^2\geq 2abcd\Rightarrow (ac+bd)^2\geq 4abcd\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 4\geq 4cd\rightarrow cd\leq 1\Rightarrow 1-cd\geq 0\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(ac=bd=\pm 1\) và \(cd=1\) ....
Bài 3)
Vế đầu:
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac\leq a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Nhân $2$ và chuyển vế \(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2\geq 0\)
BĐT trên luôn đúng nên BĐT đầu tiên cũng đúng.
Vế sau:
\(\Leftrightarrow 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq 2(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2\geq 0\) (luôn đúng)
Do đó BĐT sau cũng luôn đúng với mọi số thực $a,b,c$
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m^2+n^2=1\\a^2+b^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(m^2+n^2\right)=\left(am\right)^2+\left(an\right)^2+\left(bm\right)^2+\left(bn\right)^2=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(am+bn\right)^2-\left[\left(ambn-\left(an\right)^2\right)+\left(ambn-\left(bm\right)^2\right)\right]=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(am+bn\right)^2+\left[an\left(bm-an\right)\right]+\left[bm\left(an-bm\right)\right]=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(am+bn\right)^2-\left(bm-an\right)\left(an-bm\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(am+bn\right)^2+\left(an-bm\right)^2=1\\ \)
\(\left(an-bm\right)^2\ge0\forall_{a,b,m,n}\Rightarrow\left(am+bn\right)^2\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow-1\le\left(am+bn\right)\le1\Rightarrow dpcm\)
A= \(\frac{1}{2}\) + \(\frac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^4}+...+\frac{1}{2^{100}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) 2A = 1 + \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^4}+...+\frac{1}{2^{99}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) 2A - A = ( \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^4}+...+\frac{1}{2^{100}}\) ) -
( \(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{2^4}+...+\frac{1}{2^{99}}\))
\(\Rightarrow\) A = 1 - \(\frac{1}{2^{100}}\) < 1
Vậy: A < 1
\(\frac{1}{2}\)
B= \(\frac{2}{1.2}+\frac{2}{2.3}+\frac{2}{3.4}+...+\frac{2}{99.100}\)
= 2. \(\left(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{99.100}\right)\)
= 2. ( \(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\) )
= 2. \(\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{100}\right)\) = \(\frac{99}{50}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) B = \(\frac{99}{50}\) < \(\frac{100}{50}\) = 2
Vậy: B < 2
\(a.A=\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3+...+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{99}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{99}}\)
\(2A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{98}}\)
\(2A-A=1-\frac{1}{2^{99}}\)
\(A=1-\frac{1}{2^{99}}< 1\)
\(b.B=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}+...+\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(3A=1+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}+...+\frac{100}{3^{99}}\)
\(3A-A=\left(1+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{3}{3^2}+...+\frac{100}{3^{99}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{2}{3^2}+\frac{3}{3^3}+...+\frac{100}{3^{100}}\right)\)
\(2A=1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(6A=3+1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\)
\(6A-2A=\left(3+1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{3^{98}}-\frac{100}{3^{99}}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{3^{99}}-\frac{100}{3^{100}}\right)\)
\(4A=3-\frac{100}{3^{99}}-\frac{1}{3^{99}}+\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(4A=3-\frac{300}{3^{100}}-\frac{3}{3^{100}}+\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(4A=3-\frac{303}{3^{100}}+\frac{100}{3^{100}}\)
\(4A=3-\frac{203}{3^{100}}< 3\)
\(A< \frac{3}{4}\)
Ủng hộ mk nha ^_^