cho a,b,c≥0 chứng minh a+b+c≥\(\sqrt{ab}\)+\(\sqrt{ac}\)+\(\sqrt{bc}\)
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\(\sqrt{a+bc}=\sqrt{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+\sqrt{bc}\right)^2}=a+\sqrt{bc}\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{b+ac}\ge b+\sqrt{ac}\) ; \(\sqrt{c+ab}\ge c+\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge a+b+c+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge a+b+c=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
1) \(\Sigma\frac{a}{b^3+ab}=\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{b}-\frac{b}{a+b^2}\right)\ge\Sigma\frac{1}{a}-\Sigma\frac{1}{2\sqrt{a}}=\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{a}}+1\right)+\Sigma\frac{3}{2\sqrt{a}}-3\)
\(\ge\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}-1\right)^2+\frac{27}{2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}-3\ge\frac{27}{2\sqrt{3\left(a+b+c\right)}}-3=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+ac+bc}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{a}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\) Chứng minh tương tự ta được:
\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right);\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+1+1\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\) Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Theo giả thiết thì \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=abc\)
Ta cần chứng minh: \(\Sigma\sqrt{a+bc}\ge\sqrt{abc}+\Sigma\sqrt{a}\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*) \(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\sqrt{\frac{a^2+abc}{a}}\ge\sqrt{abc}+\Sigma\sqrt{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\sqrt{\frac{a^2+ab+bc+ca}{a}}\ge\sqrt{abc}+\Sigma\sqrt{a}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{a}}\ge\sqrt{abc}+\Sigma\sqrt{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\text{}\Sigma\sqrt{bc\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge abc+\sqrt{abc}\left(\Sigma\sqrt{a}\right)\)(Nhân cả hai vế của bất đẳng thức với \(\sqrt{abc}>0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\sqrt{\left(b^2+ab\right)\left(c^2+ac\right)}\ge abc+\Sigma a\sqrt{bc}\)
Bất đẳng thức cuối luôn đúng vì theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz, ta có: \(\Sigma\sqrt{\left(b^2+ab\right)\left(c^2+ac\right)}\ge\Sigma\left(bc+a\sqrt{bc}\right)=abc+\Sigma a\sqrt{bc}\text{}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 3
Đặt VT= \(\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ac}+\sqrt{c+ab}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bu-nhi-a-cốp-xki ta có:
\(VT^2=\left(\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ac}+\sqrt{c+ab}\right)^2\le\)
\(\le\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(a+b+c+ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Lại có \(ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)( tự cm nhé)
Từ đó \(VT^2\le3.\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)=4\) (do a+b+c=1)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Biến đổi tương đương:
\(2a+2b+2c\ge2\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{bc}+2\sqrt{ca}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-2\sqrt{ab}+b+b-2\sqrt{bc}+c+c-2\sqrt{ca}+a\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{c}-\sqrt{a}\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)