Bài 11. Chứng minh rằng các hàm số sau đây luôn đồng biến với mọi số thực m ?
a: \(f\left(x\right)=\left(m^2+1\right)x+2m+1\)
b: \(f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{mx-1}{x+m}\)
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1.
Nếu \(m=0\), \(f\left(x\right)=2x\)
\(\Rightarrow m=0\) không thỏa mãn
Nếu \(x\ne0\)
Yêu cầu bài toán thỏa mãn khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m< 0\\\Delta'=\left(m-1\right)^2-4m^2< 0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m< 0\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}m>1\\m< -\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow m< -\dfrac{1}{3}\)
a.
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2\left(m-1\right)x+m^2+3m+5\ne0\) ; \(\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Delta'=\left(m-1\right)^2-\left(m^2+3m+5\right)< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-5m-4< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m>-\dfrac{4}{5}\)
b.
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2\left(m-1\right)x+m^2+m-6\ge0\) ;\(\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Delta'=\left(m-1\right)^2-\left(m^2+m-6\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-3m+7\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow m\ge\dfrac{7}{3}\)
c.
\(x^2-2\left(m+3\right)x+m+9>0\) ;\(\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Delta'=\left(m+3\right)^2-\left(m+9\right)< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m^2+5m< 0\Rightarrow-5< m< 0\)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^+}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^+}\dfrac{\sqrt{x+4}-2}{x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^+}\dfrac{x}{x\left(\sqrt{x+4}+2\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^+}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+4}+2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(f\left(0\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^-}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^-}\left(mx^2+2m+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)=2m+\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Hàm liên tục tại x=0 khi: \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^+}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0^-}f\left(x\right)=f\left(0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2m+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow m=0\)
\(1.x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}-2m\left(x+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)+1+2m=0\left(1\right)\)\(đặt:x^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}=t\)
\(x>0\Rightarrow t\ge2\sqrt{x^2.\dfrac{1}{x^2}}=2\)
\(x< 0\Rightarrow-t=-x^2+\dfrac{1}{\left(-x^2\right)}\ge2\Rightarrow t\le-2\)
\(\Rightarrow t\in(-\infty;-2]\cup[2;+\infty)\left(2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow t^2-2mt+2m-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-1\right)\left(t-2m+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\notin\left(2\right)\\t=2m-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2m-1\le-2\\2m-1\ge2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}m\le-\dfrac{1}{2}\\m\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(2.\) \(f^2\left(\left|x\right|\right)+\left(m-2\right)f\left(\left|x\right|\right)+m-3=0\left(1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}f\left(\left|x\right|\right)=-1\\f\left(\left|x\right|\right)=3-m\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(dựa\) \(vào\) \(đồ\) \(thị\) \(f\left(\left|x\right|\right)\) \(\Rightarrow f\left(\left|x\right|\right)=-1\) \(có\) \(2nghiem\) \(pb\)
\(\left(1\right)có\) \(6\) \(ngo\) \(pb\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-1< 3-m< 3\\3-m\ne-1\\\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow0< m< 4\)
\(\Rightarrow m=\left\{1;2;3\right\}\)
a: \(\Delta=m^2+20>0\)
=>Phương trình luôn có nghiệm
b: \(\Delta=m^2-4\left(-m-1\right)=m^2+4m+4=\left(m+2\right)^2>=0\)
nên phương trình luôn có nghiệm
c: \(\Delta=\left(m+2\right)^2-4\left(2m-5\right)\)
\(=m^2+4m+4-8m+20=m^2-4m+24\)
\(=\left(m-2\right)^2+20>0\)
=>Phương trình luôn có nghiệm
a: \(y=-x^3-\left(m+1\right)x^2+3\left(m+1\right)x\)
=>\(y'=-3x^2-\left(m+1\right)\cdot2x+3\left(m+1\right)\)
=>\(y'=-3x^2+x\cdot\left(-2m-2\right)+\left(3m+3\right)\)
Để hàm số nghịch biến trên R thì \(y'< =0\forall x\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\text{Δ}< =0\\a< 0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(-2m-2\right)^2-4\cdot\left(-3\right)\left(3m+3\right)< =0\\-3< 0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(4m^2+8m+4+12\left(3m+3\right)< =0\)
=>\(4m^2+8m+4+36m+36< =0\)
=>\(4m^2+44m+40< =0\)
=>\(m^2+11m+10< =0\)
=>\(\left(m+1\right)\left(m+10\right)< =0\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m+1>=0\\m+10< =0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m>=-1\\m< =-10\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(m\in\varnothing\)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m+1< =0\\m+10>=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m< =-1\\m>=-10\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>-10<=m<=-1
b: \(y=-\dfrac{1}{3}x^3+mx^2-\left(2m+3\right)x\)
=>\(y'=-\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot3x^2+m\cdot2x-\left(2m+3\right)\)
=>\(y'=-x^2+2m\cdot x-\left(2m+3\right)\)
Để hàm số nghịch biến trên R thì \(y'< =0\forall x\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\text{Δ}< =0\\a< 0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-1< 0\\\left(2m\right)^2-4\cdot\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-2m-3\right)< =0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(4m^2+4\left(-2m-3\right)< =0\)
=>\(m^2-2m-3< =0\)
=>(m-3)(m+1)<=0
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m-3>=0\\m+1< =0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m>=3\\m< =-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(m\in\varnothing\)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m-3< =0\\m+1>=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m< =3\\m>=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>-1<=m<=3