Tìm giá trị lớn nhất :
B = - 4x2 + 3x + 1
C = - 5x2 - 2xy - y2 + 4x + 7
Ai nhanh + đúng = tick .
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`# \text {04th5}`
`a.`
`P = (5x^2 - 2xy + y^2) - (x^2 + y^2) - (4x^2 - 5xy + 1)`
`= 5x^2 - 2xy + y^2 - x^2 - y^2 - 4x^2 + 5xy - 1`
`= (5x^2 - x^2 - 4x^2) + (-2xy + 5xy) + (y^2 - y^2) - 1`
`= 3xy - 1`
`b.`
\((x^2-5x+4)(2x+3)-(2x^2-x-10)(x-3)\)
`= x^2(2x + 3) - 5x(2x + 3) + 4(2x + 3) - [ 2x^2(x - 3) - x(x - 3) - 10(x - 3)]`
`= 2x^3 + 3x^2 - 10x^2 - 15x + 8x + 12 - (2x^3 - 6x^2 - x^2 + 3x - 19x + 30)`
`= 2x^3 -7x^2 - 7x + 12 - (2x^3 - 7x^2 - 7x + 30)`
`= 2x^3 - 7x^2 - 7x + 12 - 2x^3 + 7x^2 + 7x -30`
`= -30`
Vậy, giá trị của biểu thức không phụ thuộc vào giá trị của biến.
`A=x^2-4x+1`
`=x^2-4x+4-3`
`=(x-2)^2-3>=-3`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=2
`B=4x^2+4x+11`
`=4x^2+4x+1+10`
`=(2x+1)^2+10>=10`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=-1/2`
`C=(x-1)(x+3)(x+2)(x+6)`
`=[(x-1)(x+6)][(x+3)(x+2)]`
`=(x^2+5x-6)(x^2+5x+6)`
`=(x^2+5x)^2-36>=-36`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=0\or\x=-5`
`D=5-8x-x^2`
`=21-16-8x-x^2`
`=21-(x^2+8x+16)`
`=21-(x+4)^2<=21`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=-4`
`E=4x-x^2+1`
`=5-4+4-x^2`
`=5-(x^2-4x+4)`
`=5-(x-2)^2<=5`
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi `x=5`
\(a,P=\left(5x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-\left(x^2+y^2\right)-\left(4x^2-5xy+1\right)\\ =5x^2-2xy+y^2-x^2-y^2-4x^2+5xy-1\\ =\left(5x^2-x^2-4x^2\right)+\left(y^2-y^2\right)+\left(-2xy+5xy\right)-1\\ =3xy-1\)
\(x+y=6,2\\ \Rightarrow y=6,2-1,2=5\)
Thay \(x=1,2;y=5\)
\(\Rightarrow3.5.1,2-1=17\)
`P = 5x^2 - x^2 - 4x^2 - 2xy + 5xy + y^2 - y^2 - 1`
`= 3xy - 1`
Thay `x = 1,2; y = 6,2 - 1,2 = 5` vào
`3 xx 1,2 xx 5-1 = 18 - 1 = 17`
\(A=x^2-4x+20=x^2-4x+4+16=\left(x-2\right)^2+16\)
Do \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+16\ge16\)
\(\Rightarrow Min\left(A\right)=16\)
\(B=x^2-3x+7=x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}+7=\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\)
Do \(\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{19}{4}\ge\dfrac{19}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow Min\left(B\right)=\dfrac{19}{4}\)
\(C=-x^2-10x+70=-\left(x^2+10x+25\right)+25+70=-\left(x-5\right)^2+95\)
Do \(-\left(x-5\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-5\right)^2+95\le95\)
\(\Rightarrow Max\left(C\right)=95\)
\(D=-4x^2+12x+1=-\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+9+1=-\left(2x-3\right)^2+10\)
Do \(-\left(2x-3\right)^2\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(2x-3\right)^2+10\le10\)
\(\Rightarrow Max\left(D\right)=10\)
Bài 3:
a) Ta có: \(A=25x^2-20x+7\)
\(=\left(5x\right)^2-2\cdot5x\cdot2+4+3\)
\(=\left(5x-2\right)^2+3>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
d) Ta có: \(D=x^2-2x+2\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+1>0\forall x\)(đpcm)
Bài 1:
a) Ta có: \(A=x^2-2x+5\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+4\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
b) Ta có: \(B=x^2-x+1\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(A=\left(2x-1\right)^2+9\ge9\\ A_{min}=9\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ B=2\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+\dfrac{1}{8}=2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{8}\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\\ B_{min}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ C=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+2\left(2x+y\right)+1+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)-4\\ C=\left[\left(2x+y\right)^2+2\left(2x+y\right)+1\right]+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\\ C=\left(2x+y+1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\ge-4\\ C_{min}=-4\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-1-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(D=\left(3x-1-2x\right)^2=\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\\ D_{min}=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\\ G=\left(9x^2+6xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1\\ G=\left(3x+y\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\\ G_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(H=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(2y^2+4y+2\right)+2\\ H=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+2\left(y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\\ H_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=-1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=-1\)
Ta luôn có \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz\ge3xy+3yz+3xz\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3^2}{3}\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow K\le3\\ K_{max}=3\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Ta có: B = -4x2 + 3x + 1 = -4(x2 - 3/4x + 9/64) + 7/16 = -4(x - 3/8)2 + 7/16
Ta luôn có: -4(x - 3/8)2 \(\le\)0 \(\forall\)x
=> -4(x - 3/8)2 + 7/16 \(\le\)7/16 \(\forall\)x
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - 3/8 = 0 <=> x = 3/8
Vậy Max của B = 7/16 tại x = 3/8
Ta có: C = -5x2 - 2xy - y2 + 4x + 7 = -(4x2 - 4x + 1) - (x2 + 2xy + y2) + 8 = -(2x - 1)2 - (x + y)2 + 8
Ta luôn có: -(2x - 1)2 \(\le\)0\(\forall\)x
-(x + y)2 \(\le\)0 \(\forall\)x;y
=> -(2x - 1)2 - (x + y)2 + 8 \(\le\)8 \(\forall\)x;y
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x-1=0\\x+y=0\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x=1\\x=-y\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=-\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy Max của C là 8 tại x = 1/2 và y = -1/2