Cho 0<a≤b≤c và a>0,b>0,c>0
c/m \(\frac{c}{a}\)+\(\frac{b}{c}\)≥\(\frac{b}{a}\)+\(\frac{a}{b}\)
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Ta có: \(VT=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{bc+ca}+\frac{c^2}{ca+cb}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Mà \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)
Đặt \(f\left(a,b,c\right)=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)và \(t=\frac{a+b}{2}\)
Khi đó thì \(f\left(t,t,c\right)=\frac{t}{t+c}+\frac{t}{t+c}+\frac{c}{2t}=\frac{2t}{t+c}+\frac{c}{2t}\)
Ta có: \(f\left(a,b,c\right)=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}{c^2+ab+c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)\(=\frac{4\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4c\left(a+b\right)}{4c^2+4ab+4c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\ge\frac{2\left(a+b\right)^2+4c\left(a+b\right)}{4c^2+\left(a+b\right)^2+4c\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c}{a+b}\)\(=\frac{8t^2+8tc}{4c^2+4t^2+8tc}+\frac{c}{2t}\)
\(=\frac{2t^2+2tc}{c^2+t^2+2tc}+\frac{c}{2t}=\frac{2t\left(t+c\right)}{\left(t+c\right)^2}+\frac{c}{2t}\)\(=\frac{2t}{t+c}+\frac{c}{2t}=f\left(t,t,c\right)\)
Do đó \(f\left(a,b,c\right)\ge f\left(t,t,c\right)\)
Ta cần chứng minh: \(f\left(t,t,c\right)=\frac{2t}{t+c}+\frac{c}{2t}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(t-c\right)^2}{2t\left(t+c\right)}\ge0\)(đúng)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
BĐT phụ:\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\left(true\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\) ( đpcm )
Vậy.......
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{a}}=3.\sqrt[3]{1}=3\)
đpcm
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{c}=4\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge4\frac{4}{a+b+c}=4.\frac{4}{6}=\frac{8}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\right)\le\frac{-8}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=1-\frac{1}{a}+1-\frac{1}{b}+1-\frac{4}{c}\)
\(=3-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\right)\le3-\frac{8}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow M\le\frac{1}{3}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\a+b=c\\a+b+c=6\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=\frac{3}{2}\\c=3\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy GTLN của M là 1/3