Cho số thực a,b,c thoả mãn (a+b)*(b+c)*(c+a)=0
và \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}=1\)1
Tính giá trị biểu thức:
T=\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\)
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Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}+a+b+c=2+2018\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+ab+bc}{b+c}+\frac{b+bc+ab}{c+a}+\frac{c+ac+bc}{a+b}=2020\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(\frac{1+b+c}{b+c}\right)+b\left(\frac{1+a+c}{a+c}\right)+c\left(\frac{1+a+b}{a+b}\right)=2020\left(1\right)\)
Vì \(a+b+c=2018\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=2018-c\\b+c=2018-a\\c+a=2018-b\end{cases}\left(2\right)}\)
Thay (2) vào (1) ta được:
\(a\left(\frac{2019-a}{b+c}\right)+b\left(\frac{2019-b}{a+c}\right)+c\left(\frac{2019-c}{a+b}\right)=2020\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2019a-a^2}{b+c}+\frac{2019b-b^2}{a+c}+\frac{2019c-c^2}{a+b}=2020\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2019a}{b+c}-\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{2019b}{a+c}-\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{2019c}{a+b}-\frac{c^2}{a+b}=2020\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2019\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)-\left(\frac{a^2}{c+b}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\right)=2020\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4038-\left(\frac{a^2}{c+b}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\right)=2020\)( vì \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}=2\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{c+b}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}=2018\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{c+b}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}+1=2019\)
Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:
\(\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{c+a}=\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{c+a}{b}=\frac{a+b}{c}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow P=2.2.2=8\)
Xét \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{a+b}{c}.\frac{b+c}{a}.\frac{c+a}{b}=\frac{\left(-a\right)\left(-b\right)\left(-c\right)}{abc}=-1\)
Xét \(a+b+c\ne0\)thì ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{c+a}=\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=2c;b+c=2a;c+a=2b\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{a+b}{c}.\frac{b+c}{a}.\frac{c+a}{b}=\frac{\left(2a\right)\left(2b\right)\left(2c\right)}{abc}=8\)
Nhân 2 vế của 2 ĐT đề bài ta có
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)=\frac{47}{10}\)
<=> \(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}+\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{a}{a+c}\right)=\frac{47}{10}\)
=>\(P=\frac{17}{10}\)
Vậy \(P=\frac{17}{10}\)
TH1: Nếu a+b+c \(\ne0\)
áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{a+b-c}{c}=\frac{b+c-a}{a}=\frac{c+a-b}{b}=\frac{a+b-c+b+c-a+c+a-b}{a+b+c}=1\)
mà \(\frac{a+b-c}{c}+1=\frac{b+c-a}{a}+1=\frac{c+a-b}{b}+1=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{c+a}{b}=2\)
Vậy \(B=\left(1+\frac{b}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{a}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{b}\right)=\left(\frac{a+b}{a}\right)\left(\frac{a+c}{c}\right)\left(\frac{b+c}{b}\right)=8\)
TH2 : Nếu a+b+c = 0
áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\frac{a+b-c}{c}=\frac{b+c-a}{a}=\frac{c+a-b}{b}=\frac{a+b-c+b+c-a+c+a-b}{a+b+c}=0\)
mà \(\frac{a+b-c}{c}+1=\frac{b+c-a}{a}+1=\frac{c+a-b}{b}+1=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{c+a}{b}=1\)
vậy \(B=\left(1+\frac{b}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{a}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{c}{b}\right)=\left(\frac{a+b}{a}\right)\left(\frac{a+c}{c}\right)\left(\frac{b+c}{b}\right)=1\)
\(\frac{a+b-c}{c}+2=\frac{b+c-a}{a}+2=\frac{c+a-b}{b}+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{b}=\frac{a+b+c}{a}\)
TH1: a+b+c=0
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=-\left(b+c\right)\\b=-\left(a+c\right)\\c=-\left(a+b\right)\end{cases}}\Rightarrow B=\left(1-\frac{a+c}{a}\right).\left(1-\frac{b+c}{c}\right).\left(1-\frac{a+b}{b}\right)=-1\)
TH2: a+b+c khác 0
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\Rightarrow B=\left(1+\frac{a}{a}\right).\left(1+\frac{a}{a}\right).\left(1+\frac{a}{a}\right)=2^3=8\)
\(K=\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\).
Ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{\left(a^2+c^2\right)-c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{a^2+c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\)\(=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\).
Vì \(a,c>0\)nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 2 số dương, ta được:
\(a^2+c^2\ge2ac\).
\(\Leftrightarrow c\left(a^2+c^2\right)\ge2ac^2\).
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{2ac^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{c^2}{2ac^2}=\frac{1}{2a}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge-\frac{1}{2a}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{c}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}\left(1\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=c>0\) .
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{2b}\left(a,b>0\right)\left(2\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b>0\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta dược:
\(\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{2c}\left(b,c>0\right)\left(3\right)\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=c>0\).
Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\), ta được:
\(\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\)\(\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{2c}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)\).
Mà \(ab+bc+ca=3abc\)(theo đề bài).
Do đó \(K\ge\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3abc}{abc}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{3abc}{2abc}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{3}{2}\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra.
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c>0\\ab+bc+ca=3abc\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\).
Vậy \(minK=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\).