Cho a , b là các số thực dương thỏa mãn a + b = 4 . Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức
\(P=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b^3+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{a^3+1}}\)
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\(a^2+b^2-ab\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c+ab}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{a+bc}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{\dfrac{ca}{b+ca}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+b}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Cho a, b, c, d là các chữ số thỏa mãn: ab+ca=da ab-ca=a Tìm giá trị của d.
Thỏa mãn $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1$ hay $a+b+c=1$ vậy bạn?
\(6a+3b+2c=abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{ab}+\dfrac{3}{ac}+\dfrac{6}{bc}=1\)
Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{a};\dfrac{2}{b};\dfrac{3}{c}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=1\)
\(Q=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2}+1}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{y^2}+4}}+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{z^2}+9}}=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{y^2+1}}+\dfrac{z}{\sqrt{z^2+1}}\)
\(Q=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+xy+yz+zx}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{y^2+xy+yz+zx}}+\dfrac{z}{\sqrt{z^2+xy+yz+zx}}\)
\(Q=\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+\dfrac{z}{\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\)
\(Q\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}+\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{y+z}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{y+z}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(Q_{max}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\sqrt{3};2\sqrt{3};3\sqrt{3}\right)\)
\(Q=\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b+c\right)^2+bc}}\ge\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(b+c\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\sum\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{b+c}\)
\(Q\ge\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)^2}{a+b+b+c+c+a}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(2ab+a+b=2a^2+2b^2\ge2ab+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\)
\(F=\dfrac{a^4}{ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{ab}+2020\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2ab}+\dfrac{8080}{a+b}\ge a^2+b^2+\dfrac{8080}{a+b}\)
\(F\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}+\dfrac{8080}{a+b}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}+\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{8072}{a+b}\)
\(F\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{16\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}+\dfrac{8072}{2}=...\)
Với mọi số thực dương x , ta có
\(\sqrt{x^3+1}=\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}\le\left(\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)+\left(x^2-x+1\right)}{2}\right)=\dfrac{x^2+2}{2}\)Từ đó , kết hợp với bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki cho hai bộ số \(\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b^2+2\right)}};\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b\left(a^2+2\right)}}\right)\)và \(\left(\sqrt{a\left(b^2+2\right)}\right);\sqrt{b\left(a^2+2\right)}\)với a + b = 4 , ta có
P = \(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b^3+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{a^3+1}}\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b^2+2}+\dfrac{b}{a^2+2}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b^2+2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(a^2+2\right)}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a\left(b^2+2\right)+b\left(a^2+2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{32}{ab\left(a+b\right)+2\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{8}{ab+2}\ge\dfrac{8}{\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2+2}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)
( do áp dụng bất đẳng thức Côsi cho hai số dương ) .
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a = b = 2
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của P = \(\dfrac{4}{3}\).