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a)
\(\frac{x^2-16}{4x-x^2}=\frac{x^2-4^2}{x(4-x)}=\frac{(x-4)(x+4)}{x(4-x)}=\frac{x+4}{-x}\)
b) \(\frac{x^2+4x+3}{2x+6}=\frac{x^2+x+3x+3}{2(x+3)}=\frac{x(x+1)+3(x+1)}{2(x+3)}=\frac{(x+1)(x+3)}{2(x+3)}=\frac{x+1}{2}\)
c)
\(\frac{15x(x+y)^3}{5y(x+y)^2}=\frac{5.3.x(x+y)^2.(x+y)}{5y(x+y)^2}=\frac{3x(x+y)}{y}\)
d) \(\frac{5(x-y)-3(y-x)}{10(x-y)}=\frac{5(x-y)+3(x-y)}{10(x-y)}=\frac{8(x-y)}{10(x-y)}=\frac{8}{10}=\frac{4}{5}\)
e) \(\frac{2x+2y+5x+5y}{2x+2y-5x-5y}=\frac{7x+7y}{-3x-3y}=\frac{7(x+y)}{-3(x+y)}=\frac{-7}{3}\)
f) \(\frac{x^2-xy}{3xy-3y^2}=\frac{x(x-y)}{3y(x-y)}=\frac{x}{3y}\)
g) \(\frac{2ax^2-4ax+2a}{5b-5bx^2}=\frac{2a(x^2-2x+1)}{5b(1-x^2)}=\frac{2a(x-1)^2}{5b(1-x)(1+x)}\)
\(=\frac{2a(x-1)}{5b(-1)(x+1)}=\frac{2a(1-x)}{5b(x+1)}\)
1, \(\dfrac{2ax^2-4ax+2a}{5b-5bx^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a\left(x^2-2x+1\right)}{5b\left(1-x^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)^2}{5b\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)}{5b\left(x+1\right)}\)
2, \(\dfrac{x^2+4x+3}{2x+6}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2+3x+x+3}{2\left(x+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(x+3\right)+\left(x+3\right)}{2\left(x+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)}{2\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{x+1}{2}\)
3, \(\dfrac{4x^2-4xy}{5x^3-5x^2y}\)
\(=\dfrac{4x\left(x-y\right)}{5x^2\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{4}{5x}\)
4, \(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-z^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{\left(x+y-z\right)\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=x+y-z\)
5, \(\dfrac{x^6+2x^3y^3+y^6}{x^7-xy^6}=\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^6-y^6\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)\left(x^3+y^3\right)}=\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)}\)
a, \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{5}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{16}=\dfrac{z^2}{25}\)
Theo t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{16}=\dfrac{z^2}{25}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{4+16}=\dfrac{2000}{20}=100\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=100.4=400\\y^2=100.16=1600\\z^2=100.25=2500\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm20\\y=\pm40\\z=\pm50\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{4}=\dfrac{z}{5}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=20\\y=40\\z=50\end{matrix}\right.\) hoặc \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-20\\y=-40\\z=-50\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
b, \(\dfrac{x-1}{2}=\dfrac{y-2}{3}=\dfrac{z-3}{4}=\dfrac{2y-4}{6}=\dfrac{3z-9}{12}\)
Theo t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{x-1}{2}=\dfrac{y-2}{3}=\dfrac{z-3}{4}=\dfrac{2y-4}{6}=\dfrac{3z-9}{12}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-1-2y+4+3z-9}{2-6+12}=\dfrac{14-6}{8}=\dfrac{8}{8}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=1.2=2\\y-2=1.3=3\\z-3=1.4=4\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=5\\z=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
c, \(x-z=-2\Rightarrow x+2=z\)
Do đó \(y.z=12\Leftrightarrow y.\left(x+2\right)=12\Rightarrow xy+2y=12\Rightarrow6+2y=12\)
\(\Rightarrow y=3\Rightarrow x.3=6\Rightarrow x=2\Rightarrow2-z=-2\Rightarrow z=4\)
Vậy x=2; y=3; z=4
a/\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{xy}{2y}=\dfrac{54}{2y}\)
\(\Rightarrow2y\cdot y=54\cdot3\Rightarrow2y^2=162\Rightarrow y^2=\dfrac{162}{2}=81\)
Mà y > 0 (gt) => \(y=\sqrt{81}=9\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{54}{9}=6\)
Vậy..............
b/ \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{y}{3}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{25}=\dfrac{y^2}{9}=\dfrac{x^2-y^2}{25-9}=\dfrac{4}{16}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot25=\dfrac{25}{4}\\y^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot9=\dfrac{9}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm\sqrt{\dfrac{25}{4}}=\pm\dfrac{5}{2}\\y=\pm\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{4}}=\pm\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy.............
c/ x/2 = y/3 => x/10 = y/15
y/5 = z/7 => y/15 = z/21
=> x/10 = y/15 = z/21
Áp dụng t/c của dãy tỉ số = nhau là ra....
Câu 1:
\(\text{a) }\dfrac{x^2-xy}{3xy-3y^2}=\dfrac{x\left(x-y\right)}{3y\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{x}{3y}\)
\(\text{b) }\dfrac{2ax^2-4ax+2a}{5b-5bx^2}\\ =\dfrac{2a\left(x^2-2x+1\right)}{5b\left(1-x^2\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)^2}{5b\left(1-x\right)\left(1+x\right)}\\ =-\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)^2}{5b\left(x-1\right)\left(1+x\right)}\\ =-\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)}{5b\left(x+1\right)}\\ =-\dfrac{2ax-2a}{5bx+5b}\)
\(\text{c) }\dfrac{4x^2-4xy}{5x^3-5x^2y}=\dfrac{4x\left(x-y\right)}{5x^2\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{4}{5x}\)
\(\text{d) }\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-z^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y-z\right)}{x+y+z}=x+y-z\)
\(\text{e) }\dfrac{x^6+2x^3y^3+y^6}{x^7-xy^6}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^6-y^6\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)\left(x+y\right)^3}\\ =\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x^4-xy^3}\)
Câu 3:
\(\text{ a) }\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{a+b+c}=a+b-c\)
\(\text{b) }\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab}{a^2-b^2+c^2+2ac}\\ =\dfrac{\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)-c^2}{\left(a^2+2ac+c^2\right)-b^2}\\ =\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2}{\left(a+c\right)^2-b^2}\\ =\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{\left(a+c+b\right)\left(a+c-b\right)}\\ =\dfrac{a+b-c}{a-b+c}\)
\(\text{c) }\dfrac{2x^3-7x^2-12x+45}{3x^3-19x^2+33x-9}\\ =\dfrac{2x^3-x^2-6x^2+3x-15x+45}{3x^3-10x^2-9x^2+3x+30x-9}\\ =\dfrac{\left(2x^3-x^2-15x\right)-\left(6x^2-3x-45\right)}{\left(3x^3-10x^2+3x\right)-\left(9x^2-30x+9\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x\left(2x^2-x-15\right)-3\left(2x^2-x-15\right)}{x\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)-3\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x^2-x-15\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x^2-6x+5x-15\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(3x^2-9x-x+3\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left[\left(2x^2-6x\right)+\left(5x-15\right)\right]}{\left(x-3\right)\left[\left(3x^2-9x\right)-\left(x-3\right)\right]}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left[x\left(x-3\right)+5\left(x-3\right)\right]}{\left(x-3\right)\left[3x\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-3\right)\right]}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+5\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(3x-1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{x+5}{3x-1}\)
#)Giải :
a) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau :
\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{6}=\frac{z}{21}=\frac{5x+y-2z}{50+6-42}=\frac{28}{14}=2\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x}{10}=2\\\frac{y}{6}=2\\\frac{z}{21}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=20\\y=12\\z=42\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Ta có : \(3x=2y\Rightarrow\frac{x}{2}=\frac{y}{3}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}\)
\(7y=5z\Rightarrow\frac{y}{7}=\frac{z}{7}\Rightarrow\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{21}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{21}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau :
\(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{21}=\frac{x-y+z}{10-15+21}=\frac{32}{16}=2\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x}{10}=2\\\frac{y}{15}=2\\\frac{z}{21}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=20\\y=30\\z=42\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Ta có : \(\frac{x}{3}=\frac{y}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}\)
\(\frac{y}{3}=\frac{z}{5}\Rightarrow\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{20}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau :
\(\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{20}=\frac{2x-3y+z}{18-36+20}=\frac{6}{2}=3\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x}{9}=3\\\frac{y}{12}=3\\\frac{z}{20}=3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=27\\y=36\\z=60\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) \(\frac{2x}{3}=\frac{3y}{4}=\frac{4z}{5}\Rightarrow\frac{12x}{18}=\frac{12y}{16}=\frac{12z}{15}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau :
\(\frac{12x}{18}=\frac{12y}{6}=\frac{12z}{15}=\frac{12x+12y+12z}{18+16+5}=\frac{12\left(x+y+z\right)}{18+16+15}=\frac{12.49}{49}=12\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{12x}{18}=12\\\frac{12y}{16}=2\\\frac{12z}{15}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}12x=216\\12y=192\\12z=180\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=18\\y=16\\z=15\end{matrix}\right.\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
a) \(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{6}=\frac{z}{21}=\frac{5x}{50}=\frac{2z}{42}=\frac{5x+y-2z}{50+6-42}=\frac{28}{14}=2\)(vì \(5x+y-z=28\))
⇒ \(x=20;y=12;z=42\)
b) \(\frac{x}{10}=\frac{y}{15}=\frac{z}{21}=\frac{x-y+z}{10-15+21}=\frac{32}{16}=2\)(vì \(x-y+z=32\))
⇒ \(x=20;y=30;z=42\)
c) \(\frac{x}{9}=\frac{y}{12}=\frac{z}{15}=\frac{2x}{18}=\frac{3y}{36}=\frac{2x-3y+z}{18-36+15}=\frac{6}{-3}=-2\)
⇒ x= -18; y= -24; z= -30
d) \(\frac{x}{18}=\frac{y}{16}=\frac{z}{15}=\frac{x+y+z}{18+16+15}=\frac{49}{49}=1\)
⇒ x=18; y=16; z=15
\(x^2-25=y\left(y+6\right)\) (1)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-y^2-6y-25=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(y+3\right)^2=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y-3\right)\left(x+y+3\right)=16\)
Xét các trường hợp, ta tìm được các no nguyên của pt (1).
\(x^2+x+6=y^2\) (2)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+4x+24=4y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2-\left(2y^2\right)=-23\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1-2y\right)\left(2x+1+2y\right)=-23\)
Xét các trường hợp, ta tìm được các no nguyên của pt (2).
\(x^2+13y^2=100+6xy\) (3)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6xy+9y^2+4y^2=100\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3y\right)^2+\left(2y\right)^2=0^2+\left(\pm10\right)^2=\left(\pm6\right)^2+\left(\pm8\right)^2\)
Xét các trường hợp, ta tìm được các no nguyên của pt (3).
\(x^2-4x=169-5y^2\) (4)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+5y^2=173\)
Ta thấy:
\(5y^2\) luôn có chữ số tận cùng là 5 hoặc 0
=> Để thoả mãn pt (4), (x - 2)2 phải có chữ số tận cùng là 8 hoặc 3 (vô lý)
Vậy pt (4) vô n0.
\(x^2-x=6-y^2\) (5)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4x=24-4y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(2y\right)^2=25=\left(\pm25\right)^2+0^2=\left(\pm3\right)^2+\left(\pm4\right)^2\)
Xét các trường hợp, ta tìm được các no nguyên của pt (5).
\(y^3=x^3+x^2+x+1\left(1\right)\)
Ta có:
\(y^3=x^3+\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>x^3\)
\(\Rightarrow y>x\)
\(\Rightarrow y\ge x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow y^3\ge\left(x+1\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+x^2+x+1\ge x^3+3x^2+3x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2x\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x+1\right)\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow-1\le x\le0\) mà x là số nguyên
=> x = - 1 hoặc x = 0
(+) x = - 1
VT = 0
=> y = 0 ; x = - 1 (nhận)
(+) x = 0
VT = 1
=> y = 1 ; x = 0 (nhận)
Vậy pt (1) có nonguyên (x ; y) = (0 ; 1) ; (- 1 ; 0)
\(x^4+x^2+1=y^2\) (2)
(+)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow y^2=x^4+2x^2+1-x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2-\left(x^2+1\right)^2=x^2\)
(+)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow x^4+4x^2+4-3x^2-3=y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2\right)^2-y^2=3\left(x^2+1\right)\)
Ta thấy:
Với mọi \(x\ne0\) thì \(\left(x^2+1\right)^2< y^2< \left(x^2+2\right)^2\) (vô lý)
=> x = 0
=> y = 1 (nhận)
Vậy pt (2) có nonguyên (x ; y) = (0 ; 1)
a/ +) \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{12}\)\(\left(1\right)\)
+) \(\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{20}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{20}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x}{18}=\dfrac{3y}{36}=\dfrac{z}{20}\)
Theo t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\dfrac{2x}{18}=\dfrac{3y}{36}=\dfrac{z}{20}=\dfrac{2x-3y+z}{18-36+20}=\dfrac{6}{2}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{9}=3\\\dfrac{y}{12}=3\\\dfrac{z}{20}=3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=27\\y=36\\z=60\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ..
b/ \(2x=3y=5z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x}{30}=\dfrac{3y}{30}=\dfrac{5z}{30}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{10}=\dfrac{z}{6}\)
Theo t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau tcos :
\(\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{10}=\dfrac{z}{6}=\dfrac{x+y-z}{15+10-6}=\dfrac{95}{19}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{15}=5\\\dfrac{y}{10}=5\\\dfrac{z}{6}=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=75\\y=50\\z=30\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy..
c/ tương tự
bạn có thể giải cho mik phần c đc ko