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\(P=\frac{a^3b^2c^2}{ab+a^2bc+abc}+\frac{ab^2c}{bc+b+abc}+\frac{abc^2}{ac+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{ }{ab\left(1+ac+c\right)}+\frac{ }{b\left(c+1+ac\right)}+\frac{ }{ac+c+1}\)
Thay abc=2013 vào P
P= \(\dfrac{abc.a^2bc}{ab+abc.a+abc}\)+\(\dfrac{ab^2c}{bc+b+abc}+\dfrac{abc^2}{ac+c+1}\)
P=\(\dfrac{a^3b^2c^2}{ab\left(1+ac+c\right)}+\dfrac{ab^2c}{b\left(c+1+ac\right)}+\dfrac{abc^2}{ac+c+1}\)
P=\(\dfrac{a^2bc^2}{ac+c+1}+\dfrac{abc}{c+ac+1}+\dfrac{abc^2}{ac+1+c}\)
P=\(\dfrac{a^2bc^2+abc+abc^2}{ac+c+1}\)
P=abc (*)
Thay abc=2013 vào (*)
P=2013
ta có: \(\frac{2013a^2bc}{ab+2013a+2013}\)= \(\frac{2013.ab.ac}{ab+ab.ac+abc}\)= \(\frac{2013.ab.ac}{ab.\left(ac+c+1\right)}\)= \(\frac{2013ac}{ac+c+1}\)
\(\frac{ab^2c}{bc+b+2013}\)= \(\frac{abc.b}{bc+b+abc}\)= \(\frac{2013b}{b\left(ac+c+1\right)}\)= \(\frac{2013}{ac+c+1}\)
\(\frac{abc^2}{ac+c+1}\)= \(\frac{abc.c}{ac+c+1}\)= \(\frac{2013c}{ac+c+1}\)
Cộng cả 3 phân thức cùng mẫu thức ta có phân thức cuối cùng là:
P=\(\frac{2013.\left(ac+c+1\right)}{ac+c+1}\)=2013
\(\frac{P}{abc}=\frac{P}{2013}=\frac{2013a}{ab+2013a+2013}+\frac{b}{bc+b+abc}+\frac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{2013ac}{abc+2013ac+2013c}+\frac{b}{b\left(c+1+ac\right)}+\frac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{2013ac}{2013\left(ac+c+1\right)}+\frac{1}{ac+c+1}+\frac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{ac}{ac+c+1}+\frac{1}{ac+c+1}+\frac{c}{ac+c+1}=\frac{ac+c+1}{ac+c+1}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P=2013\)
Bài 2:
a) \(A=\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^3}{abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{abc}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3\right]\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên a + b = -c (1)
Thay (1) vào A, ta được:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(-c\right)^3-3ab\left(-c\right)+c^3\right]\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}.3abc\)
\(A=3\)
b) \(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên b + c = -a
=> ( b + c )2 = (-a)2
=> b2 + c2 + 2bc = a2
=> b2 + c2 = a2 - 2bc (1)
Tương tự ta có: c2 + a2 = b2 - 2ac (2)
a2 + b2 = c - 2ab (3)
Thay (1), (2) và (3) vào B, ta được:
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(a^2-2bc\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(b^2-2ac\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(c^2-2ab\right)}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-a^2+2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-b^2+2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-c^2+2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{2abc}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Mà \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) ( câu a )
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}.3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Bài 1:
a) GT: abc = 2
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+2}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2c}{ac+2c+2}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{abc+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2\left(1+cb+b\right)}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=1\)
b) GT: abc = 1
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{cb}{b\left(ac+c+1\right)}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{abc+bc+b}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=1\)