Bài 1

a) \(\left(x+1\right)^3+\left(x-1\right)^3+x^3-3x\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)

\(=x^3+3x^2+3x+1+x^3-3x^2+3x-1+x^3-3x\left(x^2-1\right)\)

\(=3x^3+6x-3x^3+3x=9x\)

b) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(a+b-c\right)^2+\left(2a-b\right)^2\)

\(=a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab-2bc-2ca+4a^2-4ab+b^2\)

\(=6a^2+3b^2+2c^2+4ab-4ab=6a^2+3b^2+2c^2\)

Bài 2 

a) \(x^2-20x+101=\left(x^2-20x+100\right)+1=\left(x-10\right)^2+1\ge1\)

Dấu = xảy ra \(< =>\left(x-10\right)^2=0< =>x-10=0< =>x=10\)

b) \(4a^2+4a+2=4\left(a^2+a+\frac{1}{4}\right)+1=4\left(a+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+1\ge1\)

Dấu = xảy ra \(< =>4\left(a+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0< =>a+\frac{1}{2}=0< =>a=-\frac{1}{2}\)

c) \(x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28=\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+10\left(x-2y\right)+y^2-2y+1+27\)

\(=\left(x-2y\right)^2+2.5.\left(x-2y\right)+25+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\)

\(=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)

Dấu = xảy ra \(< =>\hept{\begin{cases}y-1=0\\x-2y+5=0\end{cases}< =>\hept{\begin{cases}y=1\\x=-3\end{cases}}}\)

Bài 3 

a) \(4x-x^2+3=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+7=-\left(x-2\right)^2+7\le7\)

Dấu = xảy ra \(< =>\left(x-2\right)^2=0< =>x-2=0< =>x=2\)

b) \(x-x^2=-\left(x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{1}{4}=-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\le\frac{1}{4}\)

Dấu = xảy ra \(< =>\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0< =>x-\frac{1}{2}=0< =>x=\frac{1}{2}\)

(x + 3)(x² - 3x + 5) = x² + 3x

=> x(x² - 3x + 5) + 3(x² - 3x + 5) = x² + 3x

=> x³ - 3x² + 5x + 3x² - 9x + 15 = x² + 3x

=> x³ - 3x² + 5x + 3x² - 9x + 15 - x² - 3x = 0

=> x³ + (-3x² + 3x² - x²) + (5x - 9x - 3x) + 15 = 0

=> x³ - x² - 7x + 15 = 0

=> \(\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-4x+5\right)=0\)

=> x = -3 ( vì x² - 4x + 5 = (x - 2)² + 1 \(\ge\)1\(\forall\)x)

\(\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+5\right)=x^2+3x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-3x^2+5x+3x^2-9x+15-x^2-3x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-x^2-7x+15=0\)( vô nghiệm ) 

a) Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

Mà \(Vt\ge0\left(\forall a,b,c\right)\) nên dấu "=" xảy ra khi:

\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)

Ta có : a² + b² + c² = ab + bc + ca

=> 2a² + 2b² + 2c² = 2ab + 2bc + 2ca

=> 2a² + 2b² + 2c² - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca = 0

= (a² - 2ab + b²) +  (b² - 2bc + c²) + (c² - 2ca + a²) = 0

=> (a - b)² + (b - c)² + (c - a)² = 0

=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\c-a=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=c\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)

b) Ta có :  2(x² + t²) + (y + t)(y - t) = 2x(y + t)

=> 2x² + 2t² + y² - t² = 2xy + 2t

=> 2x² + t² + y² = 2xt + 2xy

=> 2x² + t² + y² - 2xt - 2xy = 0

=> (x² - 2xy + y²) + (x² + t² - 2xt)  = 0

=> (x - y)² + (x - t)² = 0

=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=0\\x-t=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=y\\x=t\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=t\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)

c) Ta có a + b + c = 0 

=> (a + b + c)² = 0

=> a² + b² + c² + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca = 0

=> a² + b² + c² + 2(ab + bc + ca) = 0

=> a² + b² + c² = 0

=> a = b = c = 0

Khi đó A = (0 - 1)²⁰⁰³ + 0²⁰⁰⁴ + (0 + 1)²⁰⁰⁵

= - 1 + 0 + 1 = 0

Vậy A = 0

\(VT=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+ab\left(a-b\right)\)     

\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2+ab\right)\)             

\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)\)    

\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)^2\)              

\(=VP\left(đpcm\right)\)         

Ta có: \(a^3-b^3+ab\left(a-b\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+ab\left(a-b\right)\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2+ab\right)=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)^2\)( đpcm )

a) Ta có: \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-4a^2b^2=\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-\left(2ab\right)^2\)

\(=\left(a^2+b^2-2ab\right)\left(a^2+b^2+2ab\right)=\left(a-b\right)^2.\left(a+b\right)^2\)( đpcm )

b) Ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^3+\left(b-c\right)^3+\left(c-a\right)^3-3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)

\(=\left(a-b+b-c\right)^3-3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b+b-c\right)+\left(c-a\right)^3\)

\(-3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)

\(=\left(a-c\right)^3-3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)+\left(c-a\right)^3-3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)

\(=\left(a-c\right)^3+\left(c-a\right)^3-3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)-3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)

\(=\left(a-c\right)^3-\left(a-c\right)^3+3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)-3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^3+\left(b-c\right)^3+\left(c-a\right)^3=3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)( đpcm )

1) Ta có: \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-4a^2b^2\)

\(=a^4+2a^2b^2+b^4-4a^2b^2\)

\(=a^4-2a^2b^2+b^4\)

\(=\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2\)

\(=\left[\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\right]^2\)

\(=\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)^2\)

2) Ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^3+\left(b-c\right)^3+\left(c-a\right)^3\)

\(=\left(a-b+b-c\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)+\left(b-c\right)^2\right]+\left(c-a\right)^3\)

\(=\left(a-c\right)\left(a^2-2ab+b^2-ab+ac+b^2-bc+b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c-a\right)^3\)

\(=-\left(c-a\right)\left(a^2+3b^2+c^2-3ab+ac-3bc\right)+\left(c-a\right)\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\)

\(=\left(c-a\right)\left(c^2-2ca+a^2-a^2-3b^2-c^2+3ab-ac+3bc\right)\)

\(=\left(c-a\right)\left(3ab+3bc-3b^2-3ac\right)\)

\(=3\left(c-a\right)\left(ab-b^2-ac+bc\right)\)

\(=3\left(c-a\right)\left[b\left(a-b\right)-c\left(a-b\right)\right]\)

\(=3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)

a) \(\frac{2x\left(3x-5\right)}{x^2+1}< 0\)

Ta có \(x^2+1\ge1>0\forall x\)

Để bpt < 0 => 2x( 3x - 5 ) < 0

Xét hai trường hợp :

1/ \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x>0\\3x-5< 0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x>0\\x< \frac{5}{3}\end{cases}\Rightarrow}0< x< \frac{5}{3}\)

2. \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x< 0\\3x-5>0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x< 0\\x>\frac{5}{3}\end{cases}}\)( loại )

Vậy nghiệm của bất phương trình là 0 < x < 5/3

b) \(\frac{x}{x-2}+\frac{x+2}{x}>2\)( ĐKXĐ : \(x\ne0,x\ne2\))

<=> \(\frac{x}{x-2}+\frac{x+2}{x}-2>0\)

<=> \(\frac{x^2}{x\left(x-2\right)}+\frac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}{x\left(x-2\right)}-\frac{2x\left(x-2\right)}{x\left(x-2\right)}>0\)

<=> \(\frac{x^2+x^2-4-2x^2+4x}{x\left(x-2\right)}>0\)

<=> \(\frac{4x-4}{x\left(x-2\right)}>0\)

\(x\left(x-2\right)>0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x>2\\x< 0\end{cases}}\)

\(x\left(x-2\right)< 0\Leftrightarrow0< x< 2\)

Xét các trường hợp

1/ \(\hept{\begin{cases}4x-4>0\\x\left(x-2\right)>0\end{cases}}\)

+) \(\hept{\begin{cases}4x-4>0\\x>2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x>1\\x>2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x>2\)

+) \(\hept{\begin{cases}4x-4>0\\x< 0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x>1\\x< 0\end{cases}}\)( loại )

2/ \(\hept{\begin{cases}4x-4< 0\\x\left(x-2\right)< 0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x< 1\\0< x< 2\end{cases}}\Rightarrow0< x< 1\)

Vậy nghiệm của bất phương trình là x > 2 hoặc 0 < x < 1

c) \(\frac{2x-3}{x+5}\ge3\)( ĐKXĐ : \(x\ne-5\))

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x-3}{x+5}-3\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x-3}{x+5}-\frac{3\left(x+5\right)}{\left(x+5\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x-3-3x-15}{x+5}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{-x-18}{x+5}\ge0\)

Xét hai trường hợp

1/ \(\hept{\begin{cases}-x-18\ge0\\x+5>0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x\le-18\\x>-5\end{cases}}\)( loại )

2/ \(\hept{\begin{cases}-x-18\le0\\x+5< 0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge-18\\x< -5\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow-18\le x< -5\)

Vậy nghiệm của bất phương trình là \(-18\le x< -5\)

d) \(\frac{x-1}{x-3}>1\)( ĐKXĐ : \(x\ne3\))

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-1}{x-3}-1>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-1}{x-3}-\frac{x-3}{x-3}>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-1-x+3}{x-3}>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{x-3}>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-3>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x>3\)

Vậy nghiệm của bất phương trình là x > 3

a) Ta có: \(\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(1-x\right)3x\le\left(x+2\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x+4\ge4x^2+4x+1+3x-3x^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x+4\ge x^2+7x+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\ge3x\)

\(\Rightarrow x\le1\)

b) Ta có: \(\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)\ge\left(x+3\right)^2+5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-16\ge x^2+6x+9+5\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6x\le-30\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\le-5\)

a) ( 2x + 1 )² + ( 1 - x )3x ≤ ( x + 2 )²

<=> 4x² + 4x + 1 + 3x - 3x² ≤ x² + 4x + 4

<=> 4x² + 4x + 3x - 3x² - x² - 4x ≤ 4 - 1

<=> 3x ≤ 3

<=> x ≤ 1

b) ( x - 4 )( x + 4 ) ≥ ( x + 3 )² + 5

<=> x² - 16 ≥ x² + 6x + 9 + 5

<=> x² - x² - 6x ≥ 9 + 5 + 16

<=> -6x ≥ 30

<=> x ≤ -5