Xyz OLM
Giới thiệu về bản thân
Đặt x = -2y + k (k \(\inℤ\))
Ta có x2 + 8y2 + 4xy - 2x - 4y = 4
<=> (-2y + k)2 + 8y2 + 4y(-2y + k) - 2(-2y + k) - 4y = 4
<=> k2 + 4y2 - 2k = 4
<=> (k - 1)2 + (2y)2 = 5 (*)
Dễ thấy (2y)2 \(⋮4\) (**)
Với y,k \(\inℤ\) kết hợp (*) ; (**) ta được
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(k-1\right)^2=1\\\left(2y\right)^2=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}k=0\\k=2\end{matrix}\right.\\y=\pm1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy (k,y) = (0;1) ; (0;-1) ; (2;1) ; (2;-1)
mà x = k - 2y nên các cặp (x;y) thỏa là (-2;1) ; (2;-1) ; (0;1) ; (4;-1)
ĐKXĐ : \(x\notin\left\{0;-1;-2;-3;-4\right\}\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{x+2}+\dfrac{1}{x+3}+\dfrac{1}{x+4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x+4}{x.\left(x+4\right)}+\dfrac{2x+4}{\left(x+1\right).\left(x+3\right)}+\dfrac{1}{x+2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x+4}{\left(x+2\right)^2-4}+\dfrac{2x+4}{\left(x+2\right)^2-1}+\dfrac{1}{x+2}=0\) (*)
Đặt x + 2 = a \(\left(a\ne0\right)\)
(*) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a}{a^2-4}+\dfrac{2a}{a^2-1}+\dfrac{1}{a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{a-\dfrac{4}{a}}+\dfrac{2}{a-\dfrac{1}{a}}+\dfrac{1}{a}=0\) (**)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{a}=b\left(b\ne0\right)\) \(\Rightarrow ab=1\)
Ta được (**) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{a-4b}+\dfrac{2}{a-b}+b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2b}{1-4b^2}+\dfrac{2b}{1-b^2}+b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{1-4b^2}+\dfrac{2}{1-b^2}=-1\)
\(\Rightarrow4-10b^2=-4b^4+5b^2-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4b^4-15b^2+5=0\) (***)
Đặt b2 = t > 0
Ta có (***) <=> \(4t^2-15t+5=0\Leftrightarrow t=\dfrac{15\pm\sqrt{145}}{8}\) (tm)
\(\Leftrightarrow b=\pm\sqrt{\dfrac{15\pm\sqrt{145}}{8}}\)
mà x + 2 = a ; ab = 1
nên \(x=\pm\sqrt{\dfrac{8}{15\pm\sqrt{145}}}-2\)
Thử lại ta có phương trình có 4 nghiệm như trên
VD5. Đặt a = x - y , b = y - z , c = z - x
=> a + b + c = 0
nên P = (x - y)3 + (y - z)3 + (z - x)3
= a3 + b3 + c3
= (a + b)3 - 3ab(a + b) + c3
= (-c)3 - 3ab(-c) + c3
= 3abc = 3(x - y)(y - z)(z - x)
VD7 : Đặt x + y - z = a ; x - y + z = b ; -x + y + z = c
ta thấy : a + b + c = x + y + z
Nên ta được Q = (x + y + z)3 - (x + y - z)3 - (x - y + z)3 - (-x + y + z)3
= (a + b + c)3 - a3 - b3 - c3
= (a + b)3 + 3(a + b)2c + 3(a + b)c2 + c3 - a3 - b3 - c3
= a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b) + 3(a + b)c(a + b + c) + c3 - a3 - b3 - c3
= 3(a + b)[ab + c.(a + b + c)]
= 3(a + b)(b + c)(c + a)
= 24xyz
a) Phương trình hoành độ giao điểm :
x2 = - x + 2
<=> (x - 1)(x + 2) = 0
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với x = 1 ta được y = 1
Với x = -2 ta được y = 4
Vậy tọa độ giao điểm là A(1; 1) ; B(-2;4)
b) Gọi C(-2 ; 0) ; D(1;0)
ta được \(S_{AOB}=S_{ABCD}-S_{BOC}-S_{AOD}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(BC+AD\right).CD}{2}-\dfrac{BC.CO}{2}-\dfrac{AD.DO}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(4+1\right).3}{2}+\dfrac{4.2}{2}+\dfrac{1.1}{2}=12\) (đvdt)
(x + 6)(x + 3)(x + 9)(x + 2) = 5x2
<=> (x2 + 9x + 18).(x2 + 11x + 18) = 5x2
<=> (x2 + 10x + 18 - x)(x2 + 10x + 18 + x) = 5x2
<=> (x2 + 10x + 18)2 - x2 = 5x2
<=> (x2 + 10x + 18)2 = 6x2
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+10x+18=\sqrt{6}x\\x^2+10x+18=-\sqrt{6}x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(x^2+10x+18=\sqrt{6}x\Leftrightarrow x^2+\left(10-\sqrt{6}\right)x+18=0\)
\(\Delta=\left(10-\sqrt{6}\right)^2-72=34-20\sqrt{6}< 0\)
=> Phương trình vô nghiệm
Với \(x^2+10x+18=-\sqrt{6}x\Leftrightarrow x^2+\left(10+\sqrt{6}\right)x+18=0\)
\(\Delta=\left(10+\sqrt{6}\right)^2-72=34+20\sqrt{6}\) > 0
Phương trình có 2 nghiệm \(x=\dfrac{-10-\sqrt{6}\pm\sqrt{34+20\sqrt{6}}}{2}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x^2-\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{2x+\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(x+\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(x\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right).\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}-\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)+2.\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\)
\(=x-\sqrt{x}+3\)
b) \(\dfrac{P}{2012\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{x-\sqrt{x}+3}{2012\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{2012}-\dfrac{1}{2012}+\dfrac{3}{2012\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{2012}+\dfrac{3}{2012\sqrt{x}}\right)-\dfrac{1}{2012}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\sqrt{x}.3}{2012^2\sqrt{x}}}-\dfrac{1}{2012}\) (BĐT Cauchy)
\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}}{2012}-\dfrac{1}{2012}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{3}-1}{2012}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{2012}=\dfrac{3}{2012\sqrt{x}}\Leftrightarrow x=3\)(tm)
A = abc - (ab + bc + ca) + a + b + c - 1
= (abc - ab) - (bc - b) - (ac - a) + (c - 1)
= ab(c - 1) - b(c - 1) - a(c - 1) + (c - 1)
= (ab - b - a + 1)(c - 1)
= (a - 1).(b - 1).(c - 1)
ĐKXĐ : \(x\ge5\)
Ta có \(x-3\sqrt{x}+4=2\sqrt{x-5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-3\sqrt{x}=2\left(\sqrt{x-5}-2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)=2.\dfrac{x-9}{\sqrt{x-5}+2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}.\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right).\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}{\sqrt{x-5}+2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}-3=0\\\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{2.\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}{\sqrt{x-5}+2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(\sqrt{x}-3=0\Leftrightarrow x=9\left(tm\right)\)
Với \(\sqrt{x}=\dfrac{2.\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}{\sqrt{x-5}+2}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}.\sqrt{x-5}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x-36=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=9\left(tm\right)\\x=-4\left(\text{loại}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tập nghiệm \(S=\left\{9\right\}\)
b) ĐKXĐ : \(x^3+8\ge0\Leftrightarrow x\ge-2\)
Có \(5\sqrt{x^3+8}=2.\left(x^2-x+6\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5\sqrt{\left(x+2\right).\left(x^2-2x+4\right)}=2.\left(x^2-2x+4\right)+2.\left(x+2\right)\) (*)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+2}=a;\sqrt{x^2-2x+4}=b\left(a\ge0;b>0\right)\)
Ta có (*) <=> 5ab = 2a2 + 2b2
<=> (b - 2a)(2b - a) = 0
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}b=2a\\a=2b\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với b = 2a
Ta được \(2\sqrt{x+2}=\sqrt{x^2-2x+4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=3\pm\sqrt{13}\left(tm\right)\)
Với a = 2b
Ta được : \(\sqrt{x+2}=2\sqrt{x^2-2x+4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-9x+14=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-\dfrac{9}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{143}{16}=0\Leftrightarrow x\in\varnothing\)
Tập nghiệm \(S=\left\{3\pm\sqrt{13}\right\}\)
ĐKXĐ : \(x\ne0;x\ne\pm1\)
a) Bạn ghi lại rõ đề.
b) \(B=\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}+\dfrac{3x-x^2}{x^2-1}=\dfrac{x-1}{x+1}+\dfrac{3x-x^2}{\left(x-1\right).\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^2+3x-x^2}{\left(x-1\right).\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{x+1}{\left(x-1\right).\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{x-1}\)
c) \(P=A.B=\dfrac{x^2+x-2}{x.\left(x-1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right).\left(x+2\right)}{x\left(x-1\right)}=\dfrac{x+2}{x}=1+\dfrac{2}{x}\)
Không tồn tại Min P \(\forall x\inℝ\)