a) Áp dụng tính chất đường phân giác trong tam giác ABM, ta có:

\(\dfrac{DA}{DB}=\dfrac{MA}{MB}\)

 Tương tự, ta có \(\dfrac{EA}{EC}=\dfrac{MA}{MC}\)

 Nhưng vì AM là trung tuyến của tam giác ABC \(\Rightarrow MB=MC\)  nên ta có \(\dfrac{DA}{DB}=\dfrac{EA}{EC}\) . Áp dụng định lý Thales đảo \(\Rightarrow\) DE//BC (đpcm)

 b) Áp dụng định lý Thales cho tam giác ABM, ta có:

 \(\dfrac{AI}{AM}=\dfrac{DI}{BM}\) 

 Tương tự, ta có \(\dfrac{AI}{AM}=\dfrac{EI}{CM}\)

 Do đó: \(\dfrac{DI}{BM}=\dfrac{EI}{CM}\)

 Mà \(BM=CM\Rightarrow EI=DI\) \(\Rightarrow\) I là trung điểm DE (đpcm)

Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+1\right)\sqrt{a}+a\sqrt{a+1}}\) 

\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a\left(a+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{a}\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a+1}-\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a\left(a+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(\sqrt{a+1}-\sqrt{a}\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a+1}-\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a\left(a+1\right)}}\) 

(vì \(\left(\sqrt{a+1}+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(\sqrt{a+1}-\sqrt{a}\right)=\left(a+1\right)-a=1\))

\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+1}}\)

Do đó \(B=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)

\(=1-\dfrac{1}{10}\)

\(=\dfrac{9}{10}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+1=\dfrac{c}{d}+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}+\dfrac{d}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)

Ta có đpcm.

Đk: \(x\ge-\dfrac{1}{2},x\ne0\)

pt \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^2}-\dfrac{1}{x}=\sqrt{2x+1}-\sqrt{x+2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-x}{x^2}=\dfrac{2x+1-\left(x+2\right)}{\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{x+2}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-x}{x^2}=\dfrac{x-1}{\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{x+2}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{x+2}}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\) (vì \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{x+2}}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}>0\))

Vậy \(S=\left\{1\right\}\)

Ta có:

\(VP=\dfrac{4}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{4}{2b+a+c}+\dfrac{4}{2c+a+b}\)

\(\le\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{2c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{4}{b+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{4}{c+a}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2c}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\right)\)

\(\le\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2c}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{4b}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{4c}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{2c}+\dfrac{1}{4a}+\dfrac{1}{4b}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)

\(=VT\)

 Ta có đpcm. Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

 Chú ý: Trong bài ta đã sử dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{4}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) với \(x,y>0\) hai lần

Ta có \(VT=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{4b}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}}{b}\)

\(=\dfrac{1^2}{a}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2}{b}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2}{a+b}\) (áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{x^2}{m}+\dfrac{y^2}{n}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{m+n}\))

\(=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}{1}\) (vì \(a+b=1\))

\(=\dfrac{9}{4}\)

Ta có đpcm. Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=1\\\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{2b}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(a,b\right)=\left(\dfrac{2}{3},\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)