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Nhận xét:Ghi nhớ tam giác Pascal cho bậc 4:\(1\rightarrow4\rightarrow6\rightarrow4\rightarrow1\)
cần cù bù thông minh :)
\(a^2+b^2+\left(a-b\right)^2=c^2+d^2+\left(c-d\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+a^2-2ab+b^2=c^2+d^2+c^2-2cd+d^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-ab+b^2=c^2-cd+d^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)^2=\left(c^2-cd+d^2\right)^2\) ( mạnh dạn bình phương )
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+a^2b^2+b^4-2a^3b-2ab^3+2a^2b^2=c^4+c^2d^2+d^4-2c^3d-2cd^3+2c^2d^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+3a^2b^2+b^4-2a^3b-2ab^3=c^4+3c^2d^2+d^4-2c^3d-2cd^3\left(1\right)\)
Mặt khác:
\(a^4+b^4+\left(a-b\right)^4\)
\(=a^4+b^4+a^4-4a^3b+6a^2b^2-4ab^3+b^4\)
\(=2\left(a^4-2a^3b-2ab^3+3a^2b^2\right)\left(2\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(c^4+d^4+\left(c-d\right)^4=2\left(c^4-2c^3d-2cd^3+3c^2d^2\right)\left(3\right)\)
Từ ( 1 );( 2 );( 3 ) suy ra đpcm
\(ĐKXĐ:x,y,z\ge1\left(x,y,z\inℤ\right)\)
Ta có: \(\left(x+2y\right)^2=\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}+\frac{3y}{2}\right)^2\ge4.\frac{2x+y}{2}.\frac{3y}{2}=3y\left(2x+y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x+2y}\le\frac{x+2y}{3y}\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{2y+z}{y\left(y+2x\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\);\(\frac{2z+x}{z\left(z+2x\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{3}.3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)(*)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{2x-1}=\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right).1}\le\frac{2x-1+1}{2}=x\)(BĐT Cô - si)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{y}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}\);\(\frac{1}{z}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}=3\)(**)
Từ (*) và (**) suy ra \(A=\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}+\frac{2y+z}{y\left(y+2z\right)}+\frac{2z+x}{z\left(z+2x\right)}\le3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y = z = 1
Từ đẳng thức đã cho suy ra \(x>\frac{1}{2};y>\frac{1}{2};z>\frac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng\(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)ta có \(\left(x+2y\right)^2=\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}+\frac{3y}{2}\right)^2\ge4\cdot\frac{2x+y}{2}\cdot\frac{3y}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2y\right)^2\ge3y\left(2x+y\right)\)(Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y)
=> \(\frac{2x+y}{x+2y}\le\frac{x+2y}{3y}\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2y+z}{y\left(y+2z\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\\\frac{2z+x}{z\left(z+2x\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\end{cases}}\)
=> \(A\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)(Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z)
Ta có \(\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)\cdot1}\le\frac{\left(2x-1\right)+1}{2}\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}\le x\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}\)
Tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{y}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}\\\frac{1}{z}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}\end{cases}}\)
Do đó \(A\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}=3\)(dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z=1)
Vậy MaxA=3 đạt được khi x=y=z=1
\(P=\text{∑}\frac{a\left(\frac{1}{a}+1+c\right)}{\left(a^3+b^2+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+1+c\right)}\le\frac{\text{∑}\left(1+a+ac\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
\(\le\frac{3+a+b+c+\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
\(\le\frac{3+3+\frac{3^2}{3}}{3^2}=1\)
"=" khi a=b=c=1
