1. It’s evidence that this ocean is clean and environmentally_______. (pollute)

2. Diseases are primarily due to________ food and air. (contaminate)

3. While some Chemicals may be harmless others can cause________. (damage)

4. Life expectancy has gone down due to________ diseases caused by air pollution. (die)

5. In remote regions, the air is pure and the crops are free of ________ insecticides. (poison)

6. Some scientists warn that light________ damages people and animals. (pollute)

7. Many Chemicals have a________ effect on the environment. (damage)

8. The dumping of________ sewage into the sea is a source of ocean pollution. (treat)

9. A________ is a substance that makes something dirty, polluted, or poisonous. (contaminate)

10. Water pollution can lead to the________ of aquatic plants and animals. (die)

XIII. Make questions for the underlined words.

1. ______________________________________________________________

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, such as lakes, rivers and oceans.

2. ______________________________________________________________

The river water is heavily contaminated because of toxic waste dumping.

3. ______________________________________________________________

There are five major types of pollution.

4. ______________________________________________________________

If I were the President, I would ban cars from city centres.

5. ______________________________________________________________

Most of the plastic waste ends up in the oceans.

6. ______________________________________________________________

Death or disfiguration are common effects of exposure to radioactive waste.

7. ______________________________________________________________

Ho Chi Minh City is more polluted than Panang.

8. ______________________________________________________________

In my neighbourhood, garbage is collected everyday.

9. ______________________________________________________________

Every individual is responsible for solving environmental issues.

10. ______________________________________________________________

Land pollution can be prevented by the proper disposing of the litter.

XIII. Make questions for the underlined words.

1. ______________________________________________________________

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, such as lakes, rivers and oceans.

2. ______________________________________________________________

The river water is heavily contaminated because of toxic waste dumping.

3. ______________________________________________________________

There are five major types of pollution.

4. ______________________________________________________________

If I were the President, I would ban cars from city centres.

5. ______________________________________________________________

Most of the plastic waste ends up in the oceans.

6. ______________________________________________________________

Death or disfiguration are common effects of exposure to radioactive waste.

7. ______________________________________________________________

Ho Chi Minh City is more polluted than Panang.

8. ______________________________________________________________

In my neighbourhood, garbage is collected everyday.

9. ______________________________________________________________

Every individual is responsible for solving environmental issues.

10. ______________________________________________________________

Land pollution can be prevented by the proper disposing of the litter.

XII. Read the text then decide these sentences are true or false.

CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING

Climate change

Climate change, also called global warming, refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. An overwhelming scientific consensus maintains that climate change is due primarily to the human use of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air. The gases trap heat within the atmosphere, which can have a range of effects on ecosystems, including rising sea levels, severe weather events, and droughts that render landscapes more susceptible to wildfires.

The green house effect

While other planets in Earth's solar system are either scorching hot or bitterly old, Earth's surface has relatively mild, stable temperatures. Earth enjoys these temperatures because of its atmosphere, which is the thin layer of gases that cloak and protect the planet. However, 97 percent of climate scientists agree that humans have changed Earth's atmosphere in dramatic ways over the past two centuries, resulting in global warming

The exchange of incoming and outgoing radiation that warms the Earth is often referred to as the greenhouse effect because a greenhouse works in much the same way. Incoming UV radiation easily passes through the glass walls of a greenhouse and is absorbed by the plants and hard surfaces inside. Weaker IR radiation, however, has difficulty passing through the glass walls and is trapped inside, thus warming the greenhouse. This effect lets tropical plants thrive inside a greenhouse, even during a cold winter.

Consequences of global warming o

There are two major effects of global warming: the increase of temperature on the earth by about 3⁰ to 5⁰C (5.4⁰ to 9⁰ Fahrenheit) by the year 2100 are Rise of sea levels by at least 25 meters (82 feet) by the year 2100. Other consequences are listed below:

·Sea levels are rising due to thermal expansion of the ocean, in addition to melting of land ice.

·Amounts and patterns of precipitation are changing.

·The total annual power of hurricanes has already increased markedly since 1975 because their average intensity and average duration have increased.

·Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns increase the frequency, duration, and intensity of other extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts heat waves, and tornadoes.

·Higher or lower agricultural yields, further glacial retreat, reduced summer stream flows, species extinctions.

·Diseases like malaria are returning into areas where they have been extinguished earlier

Circle the correct answers.

l.      Climate change is the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth.

  a. true                                                               b. false

2.     Climate change observed in the last decades is natural.

  a. true                                                               b. false

3.     Fossil fuels are burnt which releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air.

  a. true                                                               b. false

4.     Greenhouse effects have no impacts on our health.

  a. true.                                                              b. false

5.     Earth's surface has relatively mild, stable temperatures while the others are not.

  a. true                                                               b. false.

6.     UV radiation and IR radiation easily passes through the glass walls of a greenhouse and is trapped inside causing greenhouse effect.

  a. true                                                               b. false

7.     Sea levels are rising because of ice melt and thermal pollution.

  a. true                                                               b. false.

8.     Global warming causes the increase of temperature on the earth and the rise of sea levels.

  a. true                                                               b. false

9.     Humans have changed Earth's atmosphere in dramatic ways over the past twenty centuries.

  a. true                                                                b. false

10.   Global warming can cause some diseases like malaria.

  a. true                                                               b. false 

VIII. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use conditional sentences type 2.

1. If people_____________ (not be) so careless, Earth wouldn’t be in danger.

2. The amount of waste _____________ (decrease) if people started to buy reusable packages.

3. Many fish wouldn’t die if factories_____________ (not dump) so many Chemicals into rivers and oceans.

4. If people stopped using cars completely, there_____________ (be) much less pollution.

5. If people_____________ (buy) more recycled paper, there wouldn’t be so much waste.

6. If we_____________ (not bury) Chemical waste underground, we_____________ (not pollute) fresh water supplies.

7.  Pollution_____________ (not be) such an issue if governments and common people really _____________ (care).

8. What _____________ (happen) if the whole world_____________ (be) full of pollution?

9. If people_____________ (pay) a little more attention to the environment, the Earth_____________ (be) greener.

10.  If people no longer_____________ (pollute) the atmosphere, the air_____________ (soon become) clean again.

VIII. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use conditional sentences type 2.

1. If people_____________ (not be) so careless, Earth wouldn’t be in danger.

2. The amount of waste _____________ (decrease) if people started to buy reusable packages.

3. Many fish wouldn’t die if factories_____________ (not dump) so many Chemicals into rivers and oceans.

4. If people stopped using cars completely, there_____________ (be) much less pollution.

5. If people_____________ (buy) more recycled paper, there wouldn’t be so much waste.

6. If we_____________ (not bury) Chemical waste underground, we_____________ (not pollute) fresh water supplies.

7.  Pollution_____________ (not be) such an issue if governments and common people really _____________ (care).

8. What _____________ (happen) if the whole world_____________ (be) full of pollution?

9. If people_____________ (pay) a little more attention to the environment, the Earth_____________ (be) greener.

10.  If people no longer_____________ (pollute) the atmosphere, the air_____________ (soon become) clean again.