Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{c}=\frac{b}{d}=k\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=ck\\b=dk\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{k^2\left(c^2+d^2\right)}{c^2+d^2}=k^2\)(1)

và \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{cdk^2}{cd}=k^2\)(2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{ab}{cd}\)

1) Ta có : \(\frac{2016a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+2016b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+2016c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+2016d}{d}\)

Trừ 4 vế với 2015 ta được : \(\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)

Nếu a + b + c + d = 0

=> a + b = -(c + d)

=> b + c = (-a + d) 

=> c + d = -(a + b)

=> d + a = (-b + c)

Khi đó M = (-1) + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) = - 4

Nếu a + b + c + d\(\ne0\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}=\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{d}\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)

Khi đó M = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4

2) a) Ta có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left|x+2013\right|\ge0\forall x\\\left(3x-7\right)^{2004}\ge0\forall y\end{cases}\Rightarrow\left|x+2013\right|+\left(3x-7\right)^{2014}\ge0}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+2013=0\\3y-7=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-2013\\y=\frac{7}{3}\end{cases}}}\)

b) 7^2x + 7^{2x + 3} = 344

=> 7^2x + 7^2x.7³ = 344

=> 7^2x.(1 + 7³) = 344

=> 7^2x  = 1

=> 7^2x = 7⁰

=> 2x = 0 => x = 0

c) Ta có :

 \(\frac{7}{2x+2}=\frac{3}{2y-4}=\frac{5}{x+4}\Leftrightarrow\frac{7}{2x+2}=\frac{3}{2y-4}=\frac{10}{2x+8}=\frac{7-10}{2x+2-2x-8}=\frac{1}{2}\)(dãy tỉ số bằng nhau)

=>  2x + 2 = 14 => x = 6 ; 

2y - 4 = 6 => y = 5 ; 

6 + 5 + z = 17 => z = 6 

Vậy x = 6 ; y = 5 ; z = 6

3) a) Ta có : \(\frac{a+b+c}{a+b-c}=\frac{a-b+c}{a-b-c}=\frac{a+b+c-a+b-c}{a+b-c-a+b+c}=\frac{2b}{2b}=1\)(dãy ti số bằng nhau) 

=> a + b + c = a + b - c => a + b + c - a - b + c = 0 => 2c = 0 => c = 0;  

Lại có : \(\frac{a+b+c}{a+b-c}-1=\frac{a-b+c}{a-b-c}-1\Leftrightarrow\frac{2c}{a+b-c}=\frac{2c}{a-b-c}\Rightarrow a+b-c=a-b-c\) => b = 0 

Vậy c = 0 hoặc b = 0

c) Ta có : \(\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{a+c}{b}=\frac{a+b+b+c+a+c}{c+a+b}=2\)(dãy tỉ số bằng nhau) 

=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=2c\\b+c=2a\\a+c=2b\end{cases}}\)

Khi đó P = \(\left(1+\frac{c}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{a}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{a}\right)=\frac{b+c}{b}.\frac{c+a}{c}=\frac{a+b}{a}=\frac{2a.2b.2c}{abc}=8\)

Vậy P = 8

2. b) \(7^{2x}+7^{2x+3}=344\)

        \(7^{2x}\cdot\left(1+7^3\right)=344\)

        \(7^{2x}\cdot\left(1+343\right)=344\)

        \(7^{2x}\cdot344=344\)

               \(7^{2x}=1\)  

               \(7^{2x}=7^0\)

              \(2x=0\)

               \(x=0\)

a) A = \(\frac{1}{7^2}-\frac{1}{7^4}+\frac{1}{7^6}-\frac{1}{7^8}+...+\frac{1}{7^{98}}-\frac{1}{7^{100}}\)

Nhân \(\frac{1}{7^2}\)với A .Ta được : 

A .\(\frac{1}{7^2}\)= \(\frac{1}{7^4}-\frac{1}{7^6}+\frac{1}{7^8}-...-\frac{1}{7^{98}}+\frac{1}{7^{100}}-\frac{1}{7^{102}}\)

Ta có : \(\frac{1}{7^2}.A+A=\frac{1}{49}-\frac{1}{7^{102}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{50}{49}.A=\frac{1}{49}-\frac{1}{7^{102}}\)

\(\Rightarrow A.\left(\frac{1}{49}-\frac{1}{7^{102}}\right).\frac{49}{50}< \frac{1}{50}\left(đpcm\right)\)

b)Giả sử a₁ >a₂ > a₃ ...> a₂₀₁₅ nên a₁ > a₂₀₁₅ 

Theo đề ra ta có : \(\frac{1}{a_1}+\frac{1}{a_2}+...+\frac{1}{a_{2015}}< \frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2015}+...+1=A\)

A< \(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{8}+\left(\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}+...+\frac{1}{8}\right)\)có 2007 số \(\frac{1}{8}\)

Mà \(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{8}+\left(\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}+...+\frac{1}{8}\right)< 1+1+...+\frac{2018}{8}\)

Giả sử trong 2015 số nguyên dương đã cho không có số nào bằng nhau .

Và a₁ < a₂ < a₃ < ... < a₂₀₁₅ 

Ta có : \(\frac{1}{a_1}+\frac{1}{a_2}+\frac{1}{a_3}+...+\frac{1}{a_{2015}}\le1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2015}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a_1}+\frac{1}{a_2}+...+\frac{1}{a_{2011}}< 1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2}=1+1007=1008\)

=> Giả sử là sai => ít nhất 2 trong 2015 số nguyên dương đã cho bằng nhau ( đpcm ) 

\(M=\frac{1}{1.3}+\frac{1}{3.5}+\frac{1}{5.7}+...+\frac{1}{2017.2019}\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{7}+...+\frac{1}{2017}-\frac{1}{2019}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2019}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2018}{2019}\)

\(=\frac{2018}{4038}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{2018}{4038}< \frac{1}{2}\)( lấy máy tính ) 

\(M=\frac{1}{1.3}+\frac{1}{3.5}+\frac{1}{5.7}+.....+\frac{1}{2017.2019}\)

\(\Rightarrow M=1-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{7}-......-\frac{1}{2017}+\frac{1}{2017}-\frac{1}{2019}\)

\(\Rightarrow M=1-\frac{1}{2019}\)

\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{2019}{2019}-\frac{1}{2019}\)

\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{2018}{2019}\)

Có \(\frac{2018}{2019}=\frac{2018.2}{2019.2}=\frac{4036}{4038}\)

\(\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1.2019}{2.2019}=\frac{2019}{4038}\)

Mà \(\frac{4036}{4038}< \frac{2019}{4038}\Rightarrow M< \frac{1}{2}\)

Vậy M < \(\frac{1}{2}\)