Cho \(a,b,c\in N\)* và \(S=\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)
a) Chứng minh \(S\ge6\)
b) Tìm min S
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Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunyakovsky
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{8}{a^2}+\dfrac{9b^2}{2}+\dfrac{c^2a^2}{4}\right)\left[\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2+\left(3\sqrt{2}\right)^2+2^2\right]}\ge\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{4}{a}+9b+ca}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{6}\sqrt{\dfrac{8}{a^2}+\dfrac{9b^2}{2}+\dfrac{c^2a^2}{4}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a}+9b+ac\)
Tương tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{6}\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{8}{b^2}+\dfrac{9c^2}{2}+\dfrac{a^2b^2}{4}\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{b}+9c+ab\\2\sqrt{6}\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{8}{c^2}+\dfrac{9a^2}{2}+\dfrac{b^2c^2}{4}\right)}\ge\dfrac{4}{c}+9a+bc\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{6}S\ge\dfrac{4}{a}+9a+\dfrac{4}{b}+9b+\dfrac{4}{c}+9c+ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{6}S\ge\dfrac{4}{a}+a+8a+\dfrac{4}{b}+b+8b+\dfrac{4}{c}+c+8c+ab+bc+ca\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4}{a}+a\ge2\sqrt{4}=4\\\dfrac{4}{b}+b\ge2\sqrt{4}=4\\\dfrac{4}{c}+c\ge2\sqrt{4}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{a}+a+8a+\dfrac{4}{b}+b+8b+\dfrac{4}{c}+c+8c+ab+bc+ca\ge12+8a+8b+8c+ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{6}S\ge12+8a+8b+8c+ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{6}S\ge12+2a+bc+2b+ac+2c+ab+6\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow2a+bc\ge2\sqrt{2abc}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(2b+ac\ge2\sqrt{2abc}\) ; \(2c+ab\ge2\sqrt{2abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow12+2a+bc+2b+ac+2c+ab+6\left(a+b+c\right)\ge6\left(a+b+c+\sqrt{2abc}\right)+12\)
\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{6}S\ge6\left(a+b+c+\sqrt{2abc}\right)+12\)
Theo đề bài ta có \(a+b+c+\sqrt{2abc}\ge10\)
\(\Rightarrow6\left(a+b+c+\sqrt{2abc}\right)+12\ge72\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge\dfrac{72}{2\sqrt{6}}=6\sqrt{6}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
Đặt A=\(\dfrac{b+c+5}{1+a}+\dfrac{c+a+4}{2+b}+\dfrac{a+b+3}{3+c}\)
Ta có :A+3=\(\left(\dfrac{b+c+5}{1+a}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{c+a+4}{2+b}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{a+b+3}{3+a}+1\right)\)
=\(\dfrac{a+b+c+6}{1+a}+\dfrac{a+b+c+6}{2+b}+\dfrac{a+b+c+6}{3+c}\)
=\(\left(a+b+c+6\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{1+a}+\dfrac{1}{2+b}+\dfrac{1}{3+c}\right)\)
=\([\left(a+1\right)+\left(b+2\right)+\left(c+3\right)|\left(\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+2}+\dfrac{1}{c+3}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM dạng \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\)( với x,y,z>0)
Ta có :A+3\(\ge9\)\(\Rightarrow A\ge6\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=3,b=2,c=1
Đề có bị sao không vậy? \(S\) không thể bằng \(2\) Sửa đề:
Chứng minh rằng \(S\ge6\)
Giải:
Ta có:
\(S=\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{a+c}{b}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge2+2+2=6\)
Vậy \(S\ge6\) (Đpcm)
Ta có bất đẳng thức sau
a2 + b2 + c2 \(\ge\) ab + bc + ca (1)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c
Thật vậy (1) <=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca \(\ge0\)
<=> (a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (c - a)2 \(\ge0\) (bđt này luôn đúng)
Khi đó ta được (1) <=> 2(a2 + b2 + c2) \(\ge\) 2(ab + bc + ca)
<=> 3(a2 + b2 + c2) \(\ge\) 2ab + 2bc + 2ca + a2 + b2 + c2
<=> 3(a2 + b2 + c2) \(\ge\) (a + b + c)2
=> -(a2 + b2 + c2) \(\le\dfrac{(a+b+c)^2}{3}\)
Ta có \(P=\dfrac{b+c}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{a+b}{a+b-c}\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{b}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{c}{a+b-c}+3\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac-a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{ab+bc-b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+bc-c^2}+3\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+ac-a^2+ab+bc-b^2+ac+bc-c^2}+3\) (BĐT Schwarz)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2ab+2ac+2bc-a^2-b^2-c^2}+3\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+3\)
\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}+3=\dfrac{1}{1-\dfrac{2}{3}}+3=6\) (đpcm)
1.VT= \(\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{x}{y}=\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\right)+\left(\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số dương, ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\)≥ 2\(\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}.\dfrac{y}{x}}\)=2; tương tự \(\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{z}{x}\)≥2; \(\dfrac{y}{z}+\dfrac{z}{y}\)≥2.
Cộng 3 BĐT trên, ta được đpcm.
2.Đặt b+c-a= x, a+c-b= y, a+b-c= z. Khi đó x,y,z>0.
2a= y+z; 2b= x+z; 2c= x+y. Khi đó bđt cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(\dfrac{x+y}{z}+\dfrac{y+z}{x}+\dfrac{z+x}{y}\)≥6.
Theo bài 1 bđt luôn đúng
\(S=\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\)
\(S=\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ac}{ca}}=2\\\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{cb}}=2\\\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{ba}}=2\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\right)\ge2+2+2=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}\ge6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S\ge6\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=6\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
1)
Kẻ phân giác AD,BK vuông góc với AD
sin A/2=sinBAD
xét tam giác AKB vuông tại K,có:
sinBAD=BK/AB (1)
xét tam giác BKD vuông tại K,có
BK<=BD thay vào (1):
sinBAD<=BD/AB(2)
lại có:BD/CD=AB/AC
=>BD/(BD+CD)=AB/(AB+AC)
=>BD/BC=AB/(AB+AC)
=>BD=(AB*BC)/(AB+AC) thay vào (2)
sinBAD<=[(AB*BC)/(AB+AC)]/AB
= BC/(AB + AC)
=>ĐPCM
\(S=\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}\)
\(S=\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{ca}}=2\\\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{cb}}=2\\\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ba}}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\ge2+2+2=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}\ge6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S\ge6\) ( đpcm )
\(\Rightarrow S_{min}=6\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
cách 1 sử dụng BĐT
a)
\(S=\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}=\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\)đã áp cô_si --> áp tới bến luôn
\(S=\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\ge6\sqrt[6]{\dfrac{\left(abc\right)^2}{\left(abc\right)^2}}=6\) =>dpcm
b) min S=6
khi \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{a}=\dfrac{c}{a}=\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
cách2sử dụng HĐT \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
\(S=\left(\dfrac{a}{b}-2+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{b}-2+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}-2+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+6\)
\(S=\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}-\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}-\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}}-\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a}}\right)^2+6\ge6\)=> dpcm
Min S=6
khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}-\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c}}\right)=0\\\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}-\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c}}\right)=0\\\left(\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}-\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c}}\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)