Grammar struceture
Conjunction: so- because, but-although, and
Type1
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31. The music of the movie is good but its content is not interesting.
32. I am interested in watching horror films and I love action films, too.
33. The documentary films are quite boring to me so I rarely watch them.
34. Although this program is shown very late at night, many people still watch it.
35. I have a lot to do outdoors so I have no time to watch TV.
36. I turned to Movie channel because I wanted to watch a film.
37. She loves football but she doesn't want to watch football matches on TV.
38. Although the film is late, I will see it.
39. You can read Harry Potter in the library or you can borrow and read it at home.
40. Hollywood is full of movie studios and movie stars.
Liên từ trong tiếng anh là từ dùng để nối hai phần, hai mệnh đề trong một câu. Sau đây là một vài ví dụ về liên từ: Liên từ đẳng lập: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, soLiên từ phụ thuộc: although, because, since, unless. Ta có thể xem xét liên từ từ 3 khía cạnh
Liên từ đóng vai trò quan trọng trong tiếng Anh, đặc biệt là ngôn ngữ viết. Bởi chúng làm cho các ý trong một câu, các câu văn trong một đoạn liên kết với nhau chặt chẽ hơn. Vậy bạn đã biết những gì về liên từ? Trong bài viết này, chuyên mục Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Anh của Kênh Tuyển Sinh cung cấp một số thông tin về liên từ nhằm giúp bạn hiểu rõ và sử dụng đúng trong bài viết của mình.
Liên từ là từ dùng để nối hai phần, hai mệnh đề trong một câu. Sau đây là một vài ví dụ về liên từ: Liên từ đẳng lập: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, soLiên từ phụ thuộc: although, because, since, unless. Ta có thể xem xét liên từ từ 3 khía cạnh
1. Cấu tạo của Liên từ gồm 3 dạng chính- Jack and Jill went up the hill.- The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming.
Một liên từ đẳng lập nối các phần có vai trò ngữ pháp tương đương hoặc ngang bằng nhau trong câu. Một liên từ đẳng lập cho thấy các thành phần mà nó liên kết có cấu trúc và tầm quan trọng tương tự nhauHãy xem những ví dụ sau – 2 thành tố trong ngoặc vuông được nối với nhau bởi một liên từ đẳng lập
Liên từ đẳng lập luôn đứng giữa các từ hoặc mệnh đề mà nó liên kết.Khi một liên từ đẳng lập nối các mệnh đề độc lập thì luôn có dấu phẩy đứng trước liên từ
Tuy nhiên, nếu các mệnh đề độc lập ngắn và tương tự nhau thì dấu phẩy không thực sự cần thiết:
Khi “and” đứng trước từ cuối cùng trong một dãy liệt kê, thì có thể có dấu phẩy hoặc không
Phần lớn số liên từ là liên từ phụ thuộc. Một số liên từ phổ biến như
Liên từ phụ thuộc nối mệnh đề phụ với mệnh đề chính Hãy xem ví dụ sau:
Mệnh đề chính liên từ phụ thuộc mệnh đề phụ Ram went swimming although it was raining
Một mệnh đề phụ thuộc “phụ thuộc” vào mệnh đề chính. Nó không thể đứng một mình như là câu độc lập được. Hãy tưởng tượng xem nếu ai đó nói với bạn “ Hello! Although it was raining”, bạn sẽ hiểu như thế nào? Vô nghĩa! Nhưng mệnh đề chính (hoặc mệnh đề độc lập) thì có thể đứng riêng một mình. Bạn sẽ hiểu rõ ý nếu có người nói rằng: “Hello! Ram went swimming.”Liên từ phụ thuộc luôn luôn đứng ở đầu mệnh đề phụ thuộc. Nó “giới thiệu” mệnh đề phụ thuộc. Tuy nhiên, mệnh đề phụ thuộc đôi khi cũng có thể đứng sau hoặc trước mệnh đề chính. Do vậy trong tiếng Anh cũng có thể có hai cấu trúc sau: Ram went swimming although it was raining.Although it was raining, Ram went swimming
Kiến thức nâng cao về Liên Từ trong tiếng anh:Ngoài 2 loại liên từ (Liên từ phụ hợp-ordinating conjunction và Liên từ tương quan-correlative conjunctions) chúng ta đã học ở Level 250-500, hôm nay tôi muốn cung cấp thêm một loại liên từ nữa- chủ điểm hay xuất hiện nhất trong luyện thi TOEIC. Liên từ này được gọi là Liên từ tương hợp (Subordinating Conjunctions). Sau đây là một số loại liên từ tương hợp. Chú ý rằng, sau những liên từ này là một mệnh đề. Đọc thêm về Câu điều kiện trong tiếng anh
Diễn tả thời gianDiễn tả lý do
Diễn tả sự nhượng bộ: Although/ though/even he is inexperienced, he is still appreciated by the whole staff
Diễn tả điều kiện:Diễn tả mục đích: She buys a lovely doll so that/in order that her daughter can play with it at home
Diễn tả sự đối lập: While/whereas: she keeps spending much money while her parents try to earn one single penny.
Một số liên từ thường gặp khi học tiếng anh:Liên từ đẳng lập ( Liên từ song song )
Liên từ phụ thuộc ( Liên từ chính phụ)AND
Ví dụ: She is a good and loyal wife.
I have many books and notebooks.
BOTH ... AND
Ví dụ: She is both good and loyal. hoc tieng anh
They learn both English and French.
AS WELL AS
Ví dụ: He has experience as well as knowledge.
NO LESS THAN
Ví dụ: You no less than he are very rich.
NOT ONLY ... BUT (ALSO)
Ví dụ: He learns not only English but but (also) Chinese.
I like playing not only tennis but (also) football.
OR
Ví dụ: Hurry up, or you will be late.
EITHER...OR
Ví dụ: He isn't either good or kind.
I don't have either books or notebooks.
NEITHER ... NOR
Ví dụ: He drinks neither wine nor beer.
She has neither husband nor children.
BUT
Ví dụ: He is intelligent but very lazy.
She is ugly but hard-working.
THEN
Ví dụ: You have eaten nothing; then you must be very hungry.
The plant looks very faded; then it hasn't been watered for long.
CONSEQUENTLY
Ví dụ: You didn't work hard for this term; consequently, he failed the exam.
HOWEVER
Ví dụ: He is a very lazy student; however, he can pass all the exams easily.
It was raining very hard; however, we went out without umbrellar.
NEVERTHELESS
Ví dụ: She studies very hard; nevertheless, she always gets bad marks.
STILL, YET
Ví dụ: I speak to you peaceably; still/yet you will not listen.
She says she does not love me, yet, I still love her.
OR, ELSE, OTHERWISE
Ví dụ: We have to work hard, or/else/otherwise we will fail the exam.
ONLY
Ví dụ: Go where you like; only do not stay here.
THEREFORE
Ví dụ: He violated the traffic signs, therefore he was punished.
FOR
Ví dụ: He will surely succeed, for (because) he works hard.
WHEREAS
Ví dụ: He learns hard whereas his friends don't.
Wise men love truth whereas fools avoid it.
WHILE
Ví dụ: Don't sing while you work.
Don't talk while you eat.
BESIDES, MOREOVER
Ví dụ: We have to study hard at school; besides, we must pay attention
to physical exercise.
He stole two watches; moreover, he broke the window.
SO
Ví dụ: He is a good teacher; so, he is very popular with students.
It rained very hard; so, we didn't go out that night.
HENCE
Ví dụ: I had not money about me; hence I did not buy the book.
He came late; hence, he missed the first part of the lesson.
- Liên từ nối mệnh đề (như trạng ngữ):
a. Thời gian (Time):
AFTER
Ví dụ: A man shoud take a little rest, after he has worked hard.
The ship was checked carefully after she had been built.
AS
Ví dụ: He came her, as the clock struck six.
They left as the bell rang..
AS SOON AS
Ví dụ: I will phone you as soon as I come home.
They will get married as soon as they finish university.
BEFORE
Ví dụ: Don't count your chickens before they are hatchd.
He talks as if he were very wise. học tiếng anh giao tiếp
Ví dụ: He has been very weak, since he was taken sick.
AS LONG AS
Ví dụ: No one can harm us, as long as we remain friends.
I will lend you some money as long as you promise to pay me back.
UNTIL
Ví dụ: People do not know the value of health until they lose it.
WHEN
Ví dụ: When you visit this country, you should bring thick winter clothes.
WHILE
Ví dụ: Make hay while the sun shines.
Step while you dance.
b. Nơi chốn (Places):
WHERE
Ví dụ: The bed room is the best place where I do my homework.
WHEREVER
Ví dụ: His mother follows him wherever he goes.
I will go wherever to find a suitable job for me.
c. Thể cách (Manner):
AS
Ví dụ: Do as I told you to do.
AS IF
Ví dụ: He talks as if he knew everything about her.
He dances as if he were a professional dancer.
d. So sánh (Comparisons):
AS
Ví dụ: He is as tall as his brother.
This bag is as expensive as that one.
THAN
Ví dụ: She is more beautiful than her sister.
She looks fatter than his friend.
e. Lí do (Reasons):
AS
Ví dụ: As it rained very hard, we stopped they games.
BECAUSE
Ví dụ: We could not pass the test because we didn't learn hard.
I didn't meet her because she had left earlier.
SINCE
Ví dụ: I must go since she has telephoned three times.
f. Mục đích (Purposes):
THAT
Ví dụ: I work hard that I may succeed in life.
SO THAT
Ví dụ: We went very early so that we could catch the last bus.
IN ORDER THAT
Ví dụ: We learn French in order to study in France .
g. Điều kiện (Conditions) :
IF
Ví dụ: I will phone him if I have his phone number.
UNLESS (IF NOT)
Ví dụ: You will be late unless you set off now.
Unless you work hard, you will not pass the exam.
PROVIDED THAT
Ví dụ: I will pardon him provided that he acknowledge his fault.
You can enter the room provided that you have the ticket..
IN CASE
Ví dụ: You should take an umbrella in case it rains.
Please take a map with you in case (that) you may get lost.
h. Sự tương phản, trái ngược:
ALTHOUGH, THOUGH, EVEN THOUGH
Ví dụ: Though/even though /although it rained hard, I went out with her.
AS
Ví dụ: Rich as he is, his isn't ever happy.
EVEN IF
Ví dụ: Even if my watch is right, we will be too late.
NOT WITH STANDING THAT
Ví dụ: He is poor not with standing that he works very hard.
1)Cau ve "so"
I wake up early,so I don't late for school.
2)Cau ve "but"
I can sing but I can't swim.
3)Cau ve "because"
She gets bad mark because she is too lazy.
4)Cau ve "although"
Athough I tried our best,we didn't win the game.
10. He had an accident ____ he was careful.
A. even though B. because C. so D. since
11. _____ it was raining, I went swimming.
A. So B. Because C. However D. Although
12. Ann felt ill, ____ she insisted on going to work.
A. though B. so C. and D. but
13. _____ I felt tired, I went to bed early.
A. Although B. So C. As D. However
14. _____ he’s got an English name, he is German.
A. Although B. However C. Because D. Since
15. They decided not to go out for a meal _____ they were too tired.
A. so B. because C. but D. if
16. We were the better team ____ we lost the match.
A. so B. and C. but D. because
17. Keith decided to give up his job ___ I advised him not to
A. because B. however C. although D. since
18. ______ we were in town, we often met him.
A. For B. Although C. So D. When
19. She didn’t get the job ____ she had all the necessary qualifications.
A. because B. although C. so D. but
20. I could not eat ____ I was very hungry.
A. even though B. in spite of C. despite D. in spite the fact that
9. Please turn ___on___ the gas, I want to cook my lunch. (over / back / on / in)
10. I like bananas, ___but___ my brother doesn’t. (because / but / and / even though)
11. I shall go __because____ you stay here. (and / because / however / although)
12. Jane will be admitted to the university __even though____ she has bad grades. (because / even though / because of / but)
13. _Despite_____ his physica l handicap, he has become a successful businessman. (Although / Despite / Because of / Because)
14. She was absent _because_____ her cold was worse. (because / or / because of / so)
15. The examination was long _and_____ difficult. (or / and / but / however)
16. Joh n was ill, __so____ he went to bed early. (but / so / because of / however)
17. I’d love to play the table tennis ___but___ I have to complete an assignment. (and / so / but / or)
Rewrite the sentences as directed
1. Because I ate lots of sweets, I had a toothache (so)
I ate lots of sweets, so I had a toothache
2.It rained heavily but I went to school on time (although)
Although it rained heavily, I went to school on time,
3.She's sad because she fails her test (so)
She fails her test, so she's sad.
4.Although I like soccer,I don't have time to play it (but)
I like soccer but I don't have time to play it.
1. And (và): dùng để thêm thông tin vào câu nói
EX: My hobbies are playing soccer and listening to music.
2. But (nhưng): dùng để nêu lên hai thông tin đối ngược nhau
EX; I want other car but I have no money.
3. So (do đó, cho nên, vì vậy): dùng để chỉ kết quả, hệ quả, phía trước so luôn có dấu phẩy ngăn cách
EX: It’s raining, so I’ll stay home and read.
4. Because (bởi vì): dùng để chỉ nguyên nhân, luôn đứng trước mệnh đề phụ thuộc
EX: I failed in my exam because I didn’t study.
5 khó quá
I went to the shop but I fogot my pocket.
Although English is easy, some people still ask easy questions about it on the Internet.
Richardo studies very hard so he passed the exam.
Red and yellow are mixed to make orange.
I am doing the Maths homework because I'll submit it to the teacher tomorrow.
1 k nha
9. Please turn ______ the gas, I want to cook my lunch. (over / back / on / in)
10. I like bananas, ______ my brother doesn’t. (because / but / and / even though)
11. I shall go ______ you stay here. (and / because / however / although)
12. Jane will be admitted to the university ______ she has bad grades. (because / even though / because of / but)
13. ______ his physica l handicap, he has become a successful businessman. (Although / Despite / Because of / Because)
14. She was absent ______ her cold was worse. (because / or / because of / so)
15. The examination was long ______ difficult. (or / and / but / however)
16. Joh n was ill, ______ he went to bed early. (but / so / because of / however)
17. I’d love to play the table tennis ______ I have to complete an assignment. (and / so / but / or)
18. He likes to travel, and so does she.
Ex 1. Choose the best option
1. It's raining,....................I can't go to the beach. (so/ therefore/ but/ although)
2. Nam got wet.................he forgot his umbrella (so/ because/ although/ and)
3. ................Lan has an exam tomorrow, she is still watching television ( Because/ Although/ However/ If )
4. My brother loves reading....................computer games are popular today ( as/ though/ and/ because)
5. .................the lake is highly polluted, we cannot swim in it. (Since/ Although/ However/ After)
6. Nam is tired .................... he stayed up late watching TV. (so/ even though/ because/ but)
7. My friend lied to me, .................. I don't trust her anymore (so/ therefore/ but/ because)
8. It was cold outside................., they went swimming in the lake (although/ because/ so/ however)
9. He put on his raincoat...........it was a bright, sunny day. (because/ even though/ therefore/ but)
10. My brother didn't go to work yesterday................he didn't feel well (so/ because/ although/ but)
Ex 2: Rewirte the following sentences, beginning with the words provided
1. She told the truth, but no one believed her
--> Although she told the truth, no one believed her
2. They are poor, but their children are happy
-->Although they are poor, their children are happy
3. In spite of the bad weather, the match took place
-->Although the weather was bad, the match took place
4. Nancy was sad. She cried
--> Because Nancy was sad, she cried
5. His watch is broken. He was late for the meeting
--> Since his watch is broken, he was late for the meeting
6. I am so busy that I can't help you right now
--> I am too busy to help you right now
7. Some movies are too violent for the children to watch
--> Some movies are so violent that the children shouldnot watch
8. These shoes aren't big enough for me to wear
--> There shoes are too big for me to wear
9. The story was so funny that everyone laughed
-->It was such a funny story that everyone laughed
10. The suitcase is so heavy that the woman cannot carry it
--> It is such a heavy suitcase that the woman cannot carry it
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